The Winning Wars, 1660-1763

Second Anglo-Dutch conflict

• 1665 - 1667

• Louis XIV supported the Dutch: May 1667 invaded the Spanish Netherlands

• Treaty of Breda 1667

• Sweden “mediated” between Franco-Spanish conflict: 1668 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

Third Anglo-Dutch conflict

• 1672-1674

• Dutch: Admiral Michiel de Ruyter

• English: uncapable Charles II

• Coalitions: German principalities, Denmark, Habsburgs, Spain opposed France

• Deadlock in sea conflict benefitted the British

• Nymegen peace treaties 1678-1679

Nine Years War

• 1688 - 1697

• France invaded Germany + expansionist policy

• “Grand alliance” = UP, Spain, Habsburg, England, Savoy, German states

• France: commerce raiding strategy

• Grinding war + land campaigns were expensive

• 1696: Tory squires = STOP

• Treaty of Ryswick 1697

War of the Spanish Succession

• 1701-1714

• King Charles II DIES, Louis XIV’s grandson = Philip V

• Coalition: UP, British, Austria, German states == targeted Spanish bullion fleets

• 1710: Tory ministry pushed for Peace == Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Treaty of Rastadt (1714) = France had to abandon the idea of crown mergence

Charles XII

• Swedish King: 1697 - 1718

• 1690s coalition of Denmark, Poland, Russia

• 1700 forced the Denmark out of war

• Focus on Poland & Saxony = FATAL MISTAKE, Peter the Great was building up army

• Battle of Poltava 1709: defeats

• 1715: lost trans-Baltic territories

Anglo-Spanish War

• 1739 - 1748

• Trade & Naval issues → Walpole reluctantly agreed

• France came to Spanish aid: Bourbon Family Compact

• War of the Austria Succession 1740 - 1748: Frederick the Great took Silesia

• Anglo-Austrian alliance: British provided subsides

• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 1748

Seven Years War

• 1756 - 1763

• “Diplomatic Revolution”: Austria, France, Russia vs. Prussia, Britain

• Frederick the Great: Prussia military leaderships

• William Pitt: Britain: maritime supremacy

• Treaty of Paris 1763: Britain: dominant power

The Winning Wars, 1660-1763

Introduction

• 1660 - 1763 balance shifting: mentioning the wars

• Rise of Britain: NOT France

• Louis XIV wanted to “round off” borders and was met with check to his power

Body 1

• Mention all the wars discussed in the chapter

Conclusion

• Re-shaping global order

• Britain AT THE TOP

• France & Spain subdued