Chapter 18 Hygiene

early morning care

Care given before breakfast; AM care

AM care

Care given before breakfast;

aspiration

Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

denture

An artificial tooth or a set of artificial teeth

evening care

Care given in the evening at bedtime; PM care

HS care

Care given in the evening at bedtime;

morning care

Care given after breakfast; hygiene measures are more thorough at this time

oral hygiene

Mouth care

perineal care

Cleaning the genital and anal areas; pericare

pericare

Cleaning the genital and anal areas

plaque

A thin film that sticks to the teeth; it contains saliva, microbes, and other substances

PM care

Care given in the evening at bedtime;

tartar

Hardened plaque

Many factors affect hygiene needs, what are they?

perspiration, elimination, vomiting, drainage from wounds or body openings, bedrest, and activity. Illness and aging

What is the reason some one would resist hygiene?

Illness, disability, dementia, and personal choice are common reasons.

When is AM care?

Before breakfast, early morning

When is morning care?

after breakfast

When is afternoon care?

After lunch and before evening meal

When is evening care?

At bedtime, to promote relaxation.

What does oral hygiene promote?

• Keeps the mouth and teeth clean

• Prevents mouth odors and infections

• Increases comfort

• Makes food taste better

• Reduces the risk for cavities (dental caries) and periodontal disease

• Reduces the risk of heart disease

Periodontal disease

inflammation of tissues around the teeth

Who do you help with brushing and flossing teeth?

• Are very weak.

• Cannot move or use their arms.

• Are too confused to brush their teeth.

How often is mouth care done for unconscious patients?

2 hours

Full denture.

The person has no upper or no lower natural teeth. Dentures replace the upper or lower teeth.

Partial denture.

The person has some natural teeth. The partial denture replaces the missing teeth.

Soaps

• Clean the skin

• Remove dirt, dead skin, skin oil, some microbes, and perspiration

Bath oils

• Keep the skin soft

• Prevent dry skin

Creams and lotions

• Protect the skin from the drying effect of air and evaporation

Powders

• Absorb moisture

• Prevent friction when two skin surfaces rub together

Deodorants

• Mask and control body odors

Antiperspirants

• Reduce the amount of perspiration`

When are complete bed baths given?

• Unconscious.

• Paralyzed.

• In casts or traction.

• Weak from illness or surgery.

What are three things for a bag bath that you need to do?

Warm the washcloths in a microwave oven. Follow the manufacturer instructions for what microwave setting to use. (Some nursing centers have warming units that the prepared bath packages are kept in at a constant warm temperature.)

• Use a new washcloth for each body part.

• Let the skin air-dry. You do not need towels.

A tub bath last no longer than?

20 minutes

A resident who cannot stand or is weak and unsteady require what when taking a shower?

Shower chairs

Shower stalls or cabinets

Shower trolleys (portable tubs)

When do you give massages?

After baths and showers

and with evening care.

and to relax a resident.

When you need to warm lotion, how should you warm it?

• Rub some lotion between your hands

• Place the bottle in the bath water

• Hold the bottle under warm water

How long do back massages last?

3-5 minutes

What should you observe before and after a message?

The skin for any damage or signs of skin breakdown.

What is perineal care important for?

• Have urinary catheters (Chapter 22).

• Have had rectal or genital surgery.

• Are menstruating (Chapter 8).

• Are incontinent of urine or feces.

• Are uncircumcised. Being circumcised means that the fold of skin (foreskin) covering the head of the penis was surgically removed. Being uncircumcised means that the person has foreskin covering the head of the penis.

When do you give perineal care?

During bath

or after soilage from urine feces.

What precautions are followed during perineal care?

Standard Precautions, medical asepsis, and the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard

What is a general rule when cleaning?

Clean from cleanest to dirtiest

What should be reported and recorded after a bathe session?

• Bleeding

• Signs of skin breakdown

• Discharge from the vagina or urinary tract

• Unusual odors

• Changes from prior observations