Endocrine Conditions: Part 1

30 flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to endocrine conditions, specifically focusing on the thyroid, Cushing's syndrome, and Addison's disease.

Endocrine System

A system of glands that produce hormones to regulate body functions.

Thyroid Gland

A gland in the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism.

Cushing's Syndrome

A condition caused by excessive cortisol production.

Addison's Disease

A disorder involving insufficient production of hormones by the adrenal glands.

Hormones

Chemical messengers produced by glands that regulate various body functions.

Metabolism

The process by which the body converts food into energy.

Hyperthyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland is overactive and produces excessive hormones.

Hypothyroidism

A condition where the thyroid gland is underactive and produces insufficient hormones.

Adrenal Glands

Glands located above the kidneys that produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.

Thyroidectomy

Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.

Pituitary Gland

A gland at the base of the brain that controls other endocrine glands.

Feedback Mechanism

A process that regulates hormone levels in the body.

Goiter

An enlargement of the thyroid gland.

Graves' Disease

An autoimmune disorder that leads to hyperthyroidism.

Addisonian Crisis

A life-threatening situation arising from a severe lack of adrenal hormones.

Causes of Cushing's Syndrome

Can include tumors, corticosteroid medications, and adrenal gland disorders.

Symptoms of Addison's Disease

Fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and darkening of the skin.

Diagnosis of Thyroid Disorders

Includes blood tests to measure hormone levels.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A hormone that stimulates the production of thyroid hormones.

Cortisol

A steroid hormone released during stress; regulates metabolism and immune response.

Autoimmune Disorders

Conditions where the immune system attacks the body's own cells.

Treatment for Cushing's Syndrome

May include surgery, radiation, or medication to reduce cortisol levels.

Thyroid Function Tests

Tests that measure levels of thyroid hormones in the blood.

Long-term effects of untreated Hypothyroidism

Can include heart disease, infertility, and mental health issues.

Common medications for Hyperthyroidism

Antithyroid drugs, beta blockers, and radioactive iodine.

Research in Endocrinology

Focuses on hormonal treatments and understanding endocrine disorders.

Symptoms of Hyperthyroidism

Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, increased appetite, and anxiety.

Endocrinology

The branch of medicine that deals with the endocrine system and hormones.

Mineralocorticoids

Steroid hormones that affect the metabolism of minerals in the body.

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones that influence glucose metabolism and immune responses.

Thyroid Hormones

Include thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism.

Genetic Factors in Endocrine Disorders

Inherited traits that may contribute to hormonal imbalances.

Lifestyle Influences on Endocrine Health

Diet, exercise, and stress can affect hormone levels.