Quiz 2 answers

The Fc receptor protects IgG moelcules from lysosomal degradation in vascular endothelium thereby extending the plasma half-lives of the antibodies. The receptor is commonly abbreviated as….

FcRn

As pre-B cells develop in the bone marrow, the kappa light chain polypeptide is generated in each cell from recombination of one of each of the different V and J gene segments. The light chain produced is combined with the heavy chain (also generated from gene recombination) inc constucting a specific antibody structure that defined the B cell clone. The potential different kappa light chains from the gene recombination in the Bcell population is estimated to be…

Variable segments 30

Diversity segment 0

Joining segment 5

Constant region 1

150

Biosimilar drugs are typically recombinant protein therapeutics that are manufactured in living organisms including mammalian cells. A key step in the process is a biochemical post-transitional modification that involves the enzyme OST. The variability of the enzymatic reaction in cell lines used by different manufacturers explain in part the uncertainties in the Fc-mediated activities of the therapeutics in humans. The post-transitional modification is called…

glycosylation

The diversity of this receptor in lymphocytes is embedded in the regions produced by recombination of different VDJ gene segments in the alpha and beta chains. The two chains combine to form a membrane bound receptor that interacts with MHC/peptide complexes displayed on antigen presenting cells. The receptor is called…

TCR

Repeated immunization (vaccine booster) is a strategy used to drive B cell ______ an immunological mechanism resulting from somatic hypermutation of antibody variable genes (in particular CDR3). The mechanism depends on continuous antigenic stimulation and the survival of activated B cells successfully competing for the antigen

affinity maturation

Isotype class switch is a critical step in the development and maturation of B cells responding to antigenic stimulation in lymph nodes. The class switch, for example from IgM to IgG is mediated by presentation of MHC 2 bound epitopes to this type of lymphocytes

Helper T cells

In the context of drug allergic this biochemical/immunological mechanism explains the recognition of small molecule drug by the adaptive immune system. Specifically this mechanism renders the drug molecules a multivalent antigen on which cross-linking of antibodies is possible. The mechanism is known as….

hapten

This Fc receptor is found on mast cells and undergoes dimerization upon cross-linking by IgE allergen complexes an immediate outcome is degranulation of histamine from the activated leukocytes. The receptor is commonly abbreviated as…

FceR

This acute allergic reaction is mediated by massive amounts of histamine released into the body’s cutaneous, mucosal, and/or cardiovascular tissues in a short time. The life-threatening condition is often manifested as hives, airway restriction, and hypotension. The condition is called…

anaphylaxis

Type 2 drug allergic reactions involve cross-linking of IgG antibodies on red blood cells, which can result in hemolytic anemia. This destruction of red blood cells is mediated by this trype of Fc receptor commonly abbreviates as

FcgR

This type of allergic reaction is characterized by vasculitis, a condition in which spontaneous bleeding occurs as a result of deposition of circulating IgG allergen complexes in vascular endothelium, complement activation is involved. This type of reaction is…

type 3

These syndromes are manifestations of allergic reactions mediated by T cells recognition of drug allergens presented by MHC molecules. The syndromes involve detachment of skin tissues and erosion of mucosa that mimic third-degree burn injuries. The signs and symptoms may occur 1-3 weeks after initial drug exposure and could last 4-8 weeks. Name one of the two syndromes

Stevens Johnson syndrome