Poultry Sci- body parts & systems

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering Poultry Anatomy & Physiology topics from the notes.

The study of all aspects of poultry, including production.

Poultry Science

Ornithology

The study of birds.

The science of the structure of animals; derived from the Greek word for 'to cut up'.

Anatomy

The science that deals with the functions of the living organism and its parts.

Physiology

The skin and feathers together form the outer protective covering; functions include protection, temperature regulation, aiding flight, and sensory reception.

Integumentary System

The system of bones that provides structural support and framework for the body.

Skeletal System

The muscles that enable movement and locomotion.

Muscular System

The organs and passages involved in breathing, including the lungs and trachea.

Respiratory System

The heart and blood vessels that transport blood throughout the body.

Circulatory System

The body's defense system against disease and infection.

Immune System

The network of nerves and the brain that coordinates body activities.

Nervous System

Glands that secrete hormones to regulate body processes.

Endocrine System

Organs involved in waste removal, including the kidneys.

Excretory System

Organs involved in reproduction, including ovaries and oviduct.

Reproductive System

The digestive tract, including the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, and intestines.

Digestive System

The fleshy, usually red crest on top of the chicken's head; comes in shapes such as single, rose, pea, cushion, buttercup, strawberry, and V-shaped.

Comb

Red, pendulous flesh at the base of the beak; commonly present on both sides.

Wattle

A fleshy protuberance at the base of the upper beak (noted in turkeys; appears on chickens as part of facial ornamentation).

Snood

A horny, keratinized structure forming the bird’s bill.

Beak

Epidermal outgrowths that form the plumage; hatchlings have down feathers and adults have various feather types.

Feathers

Outermost feathers with four parts: quill, shaft (rachis), fluff/undercolor, and web; the web is formed by barbules.

Contour Feathers

The hollow stem of a feather that forms part of the contour feather.

Quill

The shaft or main axis of a feather from which barbs extend.

Rachis

Microscopic hooks on barbs that interlock to form a smooth feather vane.

Barbules

A hairlike feather with a short flexible rachis and barbs only at the tip; often sensory or decorative.

Filoplume

The U.S poultry industry is the __ largest sector in U.S. Agriculture

2nd

Poultry accounts for over __% of animal agriculture share of all U.S farm cash receipts

23%

3 major poultry industry segments

• Broilers

• Eggs

• Turkeys

Top 5 Countries for Chicken Meat production

1. United States

2. Brazil

3. China

4. Russia

5. Mexico

Top 5 egg producing countries

1. China

2. United States

3. India

4. Mexico

5. Japan

Chickens descended from the ___ native to Thailand

Red Jungle Foul Gallus

Meat chickens are marketed as..?

Broilers

Roasters- young birds

Before 1940, the broiler chicken was marketed at __ weeks of age

16

The U.S. broiler industry is centered in what states?

Southern & Southeastern

Top U.S. States - Broiler Production

1. Georgia

2. Alabama

3. Arkansas

4. North Carolina

5. Texas

Top 5 Largest Poultry Packers

1. Tyson Foods

2. Pilgrim’s Pride Corporation

3. Perdue farms

4. Sanderson farms

5. Koch foods

Top 5 U.S. states for egg production

1. Iowa

2. Ohio

3. Indiana

4. Pennsylvania

5. Texas

The U.S. Turkey Industry is __ in U.S production

number 1

Brooding are

Babies & teens birds that are growing

Turkey hens are marketed between _ and _ weeks of age

14 and 16

Turkey hens are marketed between _ through _ pounds

14 through 18

Toms are marketed between _ and _ weeks of age

17 and 20

Toms are marketed between _ and _ pounds

26 and 32

Top 5 U.S states - Turkey Production

1. Minnesota

2. North Carolina

3. Arkansas

4. Indiana

5. Missouri

__ % of eggs are produced by cage birds

70%

A pair of bone in shoulder that facilitates wing movement and support

Coracoids

(Neck bones) form S-shaped column connecting body to head

Cervical vertebrae

Hollow bones, serving as reservoir for air and reduce weight

Pneumatic bones

• bones that contains high amounts of calcium

• Only in females-layers

• Marrow cavity of some bones is filled with interlacing spicules of bone

Medullary bone

• The vertebrae along the trunk and body are fused together

• Cause birds to walk upright

Fused bones

Joint between humerus and scapula

Shoulder

Joint between humerus, radius, and ulna

Elbow

Joint between radius, ulna, and metacarpus

Wrist

Joints of the Forearm

• shoulder

• Elbow

• Wrist

Joints of the leg

• hip

• Knee

• Ankle

• Shank

Joint of the top femur

Hip

Joint between femur, and the fibula & tibia

Knee

Joint between the fibula, tibia, and metatarsus

Ankle

The metatarsus of a bird is known as the..?

Shank