ch 19 lecture and book notes

William Playfair (1786)

invented line, bar, and pie charts, turning raw numbers into visual trends.

John Snow (1854) –

used a data map to locate a cholera source, showing the power of spatial visualization.

Florence Nightingale (1858)

– introduced coxcomb charts (enhanced pie charts) to highlight hospital mortality.

Charles Minard (1861)

– created the iconic flow map of Napoleon’s Russian campaign, combining geography, time, temperature, and troop numbers.

Non‑statistical

(flow charts, diagrams, fact boxes, tables, illustrations, non‑data maps) – help readers grasp processes, components, or concepts at a glance.

Statistical

(pictographs, line graphs, bar charts, pie charts, data maps, timelines) – display numeric data for comparison, trend spotting, or geographic distribution.

Edward Tufte

– advocates minimal non‑data ink; emphasizes a high data‑to‑ink ratio.

Nigel Holmes

– favors engaging, often humorous visuals that make data inviting

George Rorick .

– pioneered colorful, full‑page weather maps that reshaped newspaper design.

Data mining

feeds real‑time visualizations for politics, business, and research (e.g., Pew Research’s animated population charts).

flow chart

one of the basic non stat ways to help commit the step by step progress or process of something (ie: how a bill becomes a law)

diagram

shows the component parts of something

(ie:construction instruction)

fact box

an abbrivated or organized presentation of information. (ie: sports box)

table

a presentation of info organized into individual cells of a table. Main idea is to simplify or organize the info (ie:guide on a tv)

illustration

helps an audience understand things that may not be overly visual or just helps audiences to understand the text(ie: a drawing)

non data map

map w/o data applied ie:city map

pictograph

uses an image like an icon varied in size to indicate differences is the things usually for comparison (least accurate)

line graph

shows continuous or near continuous change overtime, use is appropriate when change is considered as continual

bar chart

allows comparison between changes (comparison)

pie chart

shows how whole of some amount is divided (divison of whole)

data map

combo of geography and data, idea is to show the number of something in different physical locations.

timeline

way of showing the distribution of events in relation to time (points in time)

joseph priestley

first person recorded to use a timeline, in his 1765 book chart of biography

what do info graphics tell us

a story of how things work

infographics

visual rep of data, visually explain how, where, what, how much of comparison between things.

modern history

willliam playfair, 1786, invention of the bar and pie chart