Lab: Axial Skeleton Required Terminology

A set of Q&A flashcards covering all required axial skeleton terminology and guidelines for ZOOL 2403 Lab 1.

What rule applies when a term is indented underneath another term on the ZOOL 2403 Axial Skeleton sheet?

An indented term indicates that the structure is found on the term listed directly above it (e.g., supraorbital foramen is found on the frontal bone).

How must structures that are found on multiple bones be identified?

They must be identified to the specific bone they are located on (e.g., body of vertebra and body of mandible).

What does a term in parentheses followed by an asterisk (*) indicate?

It indicates a complete substitution of the term (e.g., 'sacrum' or 'sacral vertebrae').

What rule applies when answering practical questions regarding floating ribs versus false ribs?

Floating ribs are also false ribs, but 'floating' is the more specific term and must be used to be as specific as possible.

What is required whenever numbers are included with rib identifications?

The specific number must be included in the answer (e.g., True Rib #4 or floating rib #11).

Which structure is listed on the frontal bone?

Supraorbital foramen (notch)

Which structures are listed under the occipital bone?

Foramen magnum, Jugular foramen, Hypoglossal foramen, and Occipital condyle

Which structures are listed under the temporal bone?

External acoustic (auditory) canal (meatus), Internal acoustic (auditory) canal (meatus), Styloid process of temporal bone, Mastoid process, and Stylomastoid foramen

Which structures are listed under the sphenoid bone?

Sella turcica, Optic canal (foramen), Superior orbital fissure, Lesser wing, Greater wing, Foramen rotundum, and Foramen ovale

Which structures are listed under the ethmoid bone?

Crista galli and Cribriform plate

Which facial bones are included in the cranial/facial required terminology list?

Nasal bone, Inferior nasal conchae, Lacrimal bone, Zygomatic bone, Maxilla, Palatine bone, and Mandible

Which structure is listed under the maxilla?

Infraorbital foramen

Which structures are listed under the mandible?

Body of mandible, Mental foramen, Angle, Ramus, Coronoid process of mandible, and Condyle of mandible (condylar process)

Which structure is associated with the zygomatic bone?

Zygomatic arch

Which six general structures must be known on all types of vertebrae?

Body of vertebra, Pedicle, Lamina, Transverse process, Spinous process, and Vertebral foramen

Which structure is located specifically on a cervical vertebra?

Transverse foramen

What are the specific designations for C1 and C2 vertebrae?

C1 is Atlas, and C2 is Axis.

Which structure is found on the Axis (C2) vertebra?

Dens (odontoid process)

What are the specific types of vertebrae listed after Cervical, Atlas, and Axis?

Thoracic vertebra, Lumbar vertebra, Sacral vertebra (sacrum), and Coccygeal vertebra (coccyx)

Which structures are listed under the sternum?

Manubrium, Jugular (sternal) notch, Sternal angle, Body of sternum, and Xiphoid process

How are ribs categorized by number ranges on the terminology sheet?

True ribs are numbers 1 – 7, False ribs are numbers 8 – 12, and Floating ribs are numbers 11 & 12.

Which separate axial bone is listed under its own category alongside cranial bones, facial bones, vertebrae, and thoracic cage?

Hyoid bone