Chapter 16: Therapy and Treatment

ABC model

________: there is an Action, the Belief about the event, and the Consequences of this belief.

Sociocultural perspective

________: looks at you, your behaviors, and your symptoms in the context of your culture and background.

Unconditional positive regard

________: involves not judging clients and simply accepting them for who they are.

Systematic desensitization

________: a calm and pleasant state is gradually associated with increasing levels of anxiety- inducing stimuli.

Freud

________ felt that the ego would at times try to block, or repress, unacceptable urges or painful conflicts during free association, causing the patient to demonstrate resistance to recalling these thoughts or situations.

Transference

________: the patient transfers all the positive or negative emotions associated with the patients other relationships to the psychoanalyst.

Intake

________: the therapists first meeting with the client; the therapist gathers specific information to address the clients immediate needs; the therapist and client will work together to discuss treatment goals and create a treatment plan.

Antipsychotic medications

________ were introduced in 1954 and helped to control the symptoms of certain psychological disorders, such as psychosis.

Ethnic minorities

________ and individuals of low socioeconomic status report that barriers to services include lack of insurance, transportation, and time.

Psychosis

________ was a common diagnosis of individuals in mental hospitals, and it was often evidenced by symptoms like hallucinations and delusions, indicating a loss of contact with reality.

Humanistic therapy

________: attempts to help people become more self- aware and accepting of themselves.

Involuntary treatment

________: therapy that is not the individuals choice.

Biomedical therapy

________: when individuals are prescribed biologically based treatments or psychotropic medications to treat mental disorders.

Free association

________: the patient relaxes and then says whatever comes to mind at the moment.

Relapse

________: an individual return to abusing drugs and /or alcohol after a period of improvement.

French physician

In the late 1700s, a(n) ________, Philippe Pinel, argued for more humane treatment of the mentally ill.

exorcism

If someone was considered to be possessed, there were several forms of treatment to release spirits from the individual: ________, trephining, execution, imprisonment, or left to be homeless beggars.

Involuntary treatment

therapy that is not the individuals choice

ABC model

there is an Action, the Belief about the event, and the Consequences of this belief

Examples of cognitive distortions

all-or-nothing thinking, overgeneralization, and jumping to conclusions

Overgeneralization

someone takes a small situation and makes it huge

All or nothing thinking

reflects extremes

Jumping to conclusions

assuming that people are thinking negatively about you or reacting negatively to you, even though there is no evidence

Humanistic therapy

attempts to help people become more self-aware and accepting of themselves

Client-centered therapy

developed by Carl Rogers; a form of nondirective therapy in which the therapist uses the techniques active listening and unconditional positive regard

Active listening

the therapist acknowledges, restates, and clarifies what the client expresses

Unconditional positive regard

involves not judging clients and simply accepting them for who they are

Nondirective therapy

a therapeutic approach in which the therapist does not give advice or provide interpretations but helps the person to identify conflicts and understand feelings

the use of evidence-based treatment that is deemed appropriate for your particular issue, the clinical expertise of the psychologist or therapist, and your own characteristics, values, preferences, and culture

According to the American Psychological Association, three factors work together to produce successful treatment

Biomedical therapy

when individuals are prescribed biologically based treatments or psychotropic medications to treat mental disorders

Psychotropic medications

medications used to treat psychological disorders

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

involves using an electrical current to induce seizures to help alleviate the effects of severe depression

Intake

the therapists first meeting with the client; the therapist gathers specific information to address the clients immediate needs; the therapist and client will work together to discuss treatment goals and create a treatment plan

Confidentiality

the therapist cannot disclose confidential communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so

Individual therapy

the client and clinician meet one-on-one

Group therapy

a clinician meets together with several clients with similar problems

Psycho-educational groups

groups that have a strong educational component are called psycho-educational groups

Couples therapy

involves two people in an intimate relationship who are having difficulties and are trying to resolve them

Family therapy

a special form of group therapy, consisting of one or more families

The systems approach

the family is viewed as an organized system, and each individual within the family is a contributing member who creates and maintains processes within the system that shape behavior

Structural family therapy

the therapist examines and discusses the boundaries and structure of the family; the therapist helps them resolve these issues and learn to communicate more effectively

Strategic family therapy

the goal is to address specific problems within the family that can be dealt with in a relatively short amount of time

Relapse

an individual return to abusing drugs and/or alcohol after a period of improvement