Macronutrients

Marasmus

Marasmus

A disease which is caused by lack of sufficient energy (kcalorie) intake. Characterized in children who are extremely thin, reduced muscle mass, skin and bones

Monosaccharides

They are considered as the simplest form of carbohydrates

Glucose

It is a monosaccharide that is the primary source of energy, as well as the only sugar that gives fuel to brain cells

Dextrose

It is another name for glucose

Fructose

It is a monosaccharide that is found in fruits and is considered as the sweetest of simple sugars

Levulose

It is another name for fructose

Galactose

It is a monosaccharide that is produced from lactose

Sucrose

Table sugar, it is composed of glucose and fructose

Lactose

Milk sugar, it is converted into glucose and galactose in digestion

Maltose

Malt beverages, it is converted into 2 glucose units

Oligosaccharides

It is composed of 3-10 monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

It is composed of up to 10,000 units of monosaccharides

Starch

It is the most significant polysaccharide in human nutrition. Food sources include cereal grains, potatoes and other root vegetables

Cellulose

Polysaccharide that forms the framework of plants found in unrefined grains, vegetables, and fruits. Food sources include the stem and leaves of vegetables, seed coverings, skins and hulls.

Pectin

Its food sources include fruits and are often used as base for jellies

Glycogen

Animal starch, its food sources include mainly meat and sea foods

Glycogenesis

It is the process in which glucose is converted into glycogen

Glycogenolysis

It is the process in which glycogen is broken down into glucose

90 - 120 mg/dL

Normoglycemia refers to the normal blood sugar level which is?

Insulin

It is the only hormone that decreases blood sugar levels

Thyroxine

T4 stands for?

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

ACTH stands for?

HDL

Omega-3, Omega-6, and Lecithin are all examples of?

Trans Fat

Artifical fats; small amount occurs naturally in meat and dairy products. Lengthens shelf life of food

Albumin

It maintains normal osmotic pressure

Protein Energy Malnutrition

It refers to a condition resulting from insufficiency of protein or energy or both in the diet

Acute PEM

Protein-energy malnutrition caused by recent severe food restriction; characterized in children who are thin/underweight for their height

Chronic PEM

Protein-energy malnutrition caused by long-term food deprivation; characterized in children who are short for their age

Vitamins

It is a group of unrelated organic compound found in food needed in minute quantities in the diet

Kwashiorkor

A disease which is caused by lack of protein while consuming adequate energy. Characterized in children who have an appearance of more than sufficient fat stores in the stomach and face due to edema