QUIZ 7 MOST LIKELY EXAM QUESTIONS

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What symptom distinguishes pyelonephritis from other urinary tract infections?

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fever

flank pain

chills

sudden symptom onset

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flank/side pain

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What is the relationship between genital warts and cervical cancer?

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HPV serotype 16 and 18 are likely to initiate cervical cancer.

There is no known relationship.

HPV serotypes 6 and 11 are likely to initiate cervical cancer.

All HPV serotypes cause cervical cancer.

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HPV serotype 16 and 18 are likely to initiate cervical cancer

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Which of the following is a urogenital defense against infection in females, but not in males?

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the flushing action of urination

normal microbiota that control pathogen reproduction

the mucous layer that lines the urogenital system

the acidic pH of urine

the presence of fimbriae

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normal microbiota that control pathogen reproduction

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Women are more likely to develop cystitis than men because

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urine in the male bladder is more acid.

the male urethra has a layer of mucus that the female urethra lacks.

the anus and the urethra opening are farther apart in the female.

the male urethra is shorter than the female urethra.

the female urethra is shorter than the male urethra.

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the female urethra is shorter than the male urethra

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Which of the following are host defenses for the urogenital system?

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mucosal cells in the urinary system are joined by tight junctions that don’t permit passage of pathogens

mucosal cells produce mucus covering that keeps pathogens from attaching

urine flow washes away pathogens that try to attach

all are correct

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all the above

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What virulence characteristics do cystitis-causing bacteria typically have?

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specialized adhesions on tips of their fimbriae that allow them to attach to epithelium

production of a capsule that aids in attachment to epithelial tissue

production of exotoxins to destroy bladder cells

all are correct

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specialized adhesions on tips of their fimbriae that allow them to attach to epithelium

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What characteristic makes Leptospirosis different from other infections of the urinary system?

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it is an infection caused by a pathogen that may be transferred to humans from non-human animals

it carries no risk of mortality

it rarely cause kidney damage

it is easily prevented

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it is an infection casued by a pathogne that may be transferred to humans from non-human naimals

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How does HIV ultimately cause AIDS?

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by targeting destruction of T_H cells that results in loss of immune system function

by targeting destruction of B cells that are responsible for antibody production

by targeting destruction of T_C cells that kill off infected cells

by targeting destruction of both B and T_H cells

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by targeting destruction of Th cells that results in loss of immune system function

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How does PID cause infertility?

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By triggering intense inflammation of the female reproductive system.

By causing scar tissue to develop in and completely block Fallopian tubes.

By narrowing the lumen of the Fallopian tubes and inhibiting passage of a fertilized ovum to the uterus.

All of these choices are correct.

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all of the above are correct

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What is the external symptom of secondary syphilis?

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gumma

chancre

rash

continuous nasal discharge

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rash

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Treponema pallidum is a _____ that causes _____.

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bacterium; pyelonephritis

diplococcus; gonorrhea

protozoan; trichomoniasis

spirochete; syphilis

fungus; cystitis

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spirochete;syphillis

genital warts are casued by…

human papilomovirus

trichomoniasis

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What factors encourage the overgrowth of Candida albicans in an otherwise healthy female vagina?

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rise in pH levels because of decrease in Lactobacillus population

contributing factors include wearing tight or wet clothing

taking antibiotics for other infections

all are factors

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all are factors

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Sequence the steps involved in the pathogenesis of rabies.

1. Virus moves from cell to cell on its path to the animal's brain.

2. Animal's brain has become infected enough to affect its behavior.

3. Virus is distributed from the brain to the salivary glands. The animal is infectious but still acts normal.

4. Virus normally transmitted by animal bite.

5. At the end of the incubation period, virus reaches the animal's brain.

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4, 1, 5, 3, 2

4, 5, 1, 2, 3

4, 1, 5, 2, 3

4, 5, 1, 3, 2

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4,1,5,3,2

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Unlike other types of tissues, neurons

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are able to regenerate themselves rapidly

are able to regenerate themselves only after hormonal stimulation

are unable to regenerate themselves if damaged

require exogenous factors to regenerate themselves

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are unable to regenerate itself if damaged

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Clinical features of acute meningitis include which of the following?

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fever

severe headache

stiff neck

all of the above

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all the above

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The human prion disease, Kuru, was eradicated using which strategy?

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vaccinating populations against the prion

eliminating the cultural practice of cannibalism

eliminating mosquito vectors in the region

providing antiviral medications to impacted communities

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eliminating the cultural practice of cannibalism

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Characteristics of arboviral encephalitis diseases include which of the following?

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these diseases are mosquito-borne or tick-borne

causative viruses are enveloped with a polyhedral capsid surrounding a double stranded-DNA molecule

the incubation period is approximately two weeks

these diseases are always fatal

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these diseases are mosquito or tick borne

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Poliovirus is primarily transmitted

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by mosquitoes.

by direct contact during sex.

via fecally contaminated food, water, or fomites.

by mucus droplets when someone coughs or sneezes.

by eating undercooked meat.

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via fecally contaminated food, water, or fomites

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After eating home-canned peaches, a young man experienced nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. In addition, his vision was blurred and he had muscle weakness. He is probably suffering from

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meningitis.

tetanus.

rabies.

botulism.

polio.

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botulism

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The reservoir for the pathogen that causes tetanus is

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fecally contaminated water.

anaerobic muds and soil.

other infected humans.

mosquitoes.

wild animals and unvaccinated domestic pets.

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muds or soil

neisseria meningitiditus

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Which of the following specimen samples would be sterile if there were no infection?

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feces

cerebrospinal fluid

vaginal fluid

sputum

nasal mucus

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cerebrospinal fluid

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Most cases of sepsis are caused by

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viruses.

bacteria.

protozoans.

fungi.

protein A.

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bacteria

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For cases of sepsis, monitoring PCT levels

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shows whether initial antibiotic therapy is working.

allows for early diagnosis.

is more effective than IL-6 levels.

shows whether a second antibiotic is needed.

All of these are correct.

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all of these are correct

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Which of the following forms of anthrax infection is almost always 100% fatal?

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wound anthrax

gastrointestinal anthrax

cutaneous anthrax

pulmonary anthrax

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pulmonary anthrax

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Your patient presents with a red bulls eye rash on the thigh and flu-like symptoms. She reports hiking and removal of a tick 5 days previous. What infectious disease do you suspect?

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septicemia

brucellosis

Lyme disease

cutaneous anthrax

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lyme disease

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Classic symptoms of mononucleosis occur only in which demographic?

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children less than 15 years of age

young adults age 15 to 25 years

mature adults age 25 to 55 years

seniors age 55 years and older

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young adults age 15 to 25

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Your 80 year old patient has been hospitalized for 10 days and had a central venous line placed 3 days ago. She now has a fever which is not responsive to antibiotics, Microscopic examination of a blood culture reveals ovoid, yeast-like structures. Identify the probable, causative agent.

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Staphylococus aureus

Aspergillis spp.

Candida auris

Babesia spp.

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candida auris

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Your patient presents with severe sepsis and is now demonstrating extreme hypotension. Your diagnosis would be which of the following?

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SIRS

severe sepsis

septic shock

septicemia

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septic shock

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Which choice accurately describe Chagas Disease?

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it is spread via a mosquito bite

it is spread to humans via the “kissing bug”

it is caused by the sporozoan Trypanosoma brucei

it usually infects primates

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it is spread to humans via kissing bug