Supa unit 4

National Bank

A bank chartered by the federal government to help stabilize the economy and manage the nation's finances.

Hamilton's Financial Plan

A series of proposals aimed at stabilizing the American economy, including the assumption of state debts, establishment of a national bank, and promotion of manufacturing.

Funding at Par

A financial strategy that involved paying the full value of government bonds at their original face value.

Judiciary Act of 1789

Legislation that established the federal judiciary system, creating the Supreme Court and lower federal courts.

Proclamation of Neutrality

A statement by President George Washington declaring that the United States would remain neutral in conflicts between European powers.

Jay Treaty

A 1794 agreement between the United States and Great Britain aimed at resolving issues left unresolved since the Revolutionary War.

Pinckney Treaty with Spain

A 1795 treaty that granted Americans the right to navigate the Mississippi River and use New Orleans for trade.

Treaty of Greenville

A 1795 agreement that ceded land to the U.S. from Native American tribes in the Northwest Territory.

Citizen Genet

A French diplomat whose attempts to gain American support for France during the French Revolution led to controversy.

Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising of farmers protesting an excise tax on whiskey, demonstrating the federal government's willingness to enforce laws.

Democratic-Republicans

A political party founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that opposed Federalist policies.

Washington's Farewell Address

George Washington’s 1796 speech urging the nation to avoid political parties and foreign alliances.

John Adams

The second President of the United States, a Federalist known for his role in the Declaration of Independence.

XYZ Affair

A diplomatic incident in 1797 where French agents demanded bribes from American diplomats.

Alien and Sedition Acts

Laws that limited the influence of immigrants and restricted speech critical of the government.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Political statements asserting that states could nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional.

Thomas Jefferson

The third President of the United States and principal author of the Declaration of Independence.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France, which doubled the size of the United States.

Corps of Discovery - Lewis/Clark

A U.S. expedition led by Lewis and Clark to explore the newly acquired western territories.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading with foreign nations.

Era of Good Feelings

A period in the 1810s marked by national unity and a decline in partisan conflict.

John Marshall

The fourth Chief Justice of the United States who established the principle of judicial review.

Marbury vs. Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

McCulloch vs. Maryland

An 1819 Supreme Court case affirming the supremacy of federal law over state law.

Gibbons vs. Ogden

An 1824 Supreme Court case that established federal authority over interstate commerce.

Impressment

The act of forcibly recruiting sailors, particularly by the British Navy.

War of 1812

A conflict driven by impressment, trade restrictions, and expansionist desires.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President known for his populist approach and the Indian Removal Act.

Hartford Convention

Meetings where New England Federalists discussed grievances and proposed amendments.

Monroe Doctrine

A policy declaring that the Americas were off-limits to European colonization.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid economic transformation characterized by expanding markets and transportation.

Lowell Mills

Textile mills in Massachusetts known for employing young women in the early 19th century.

American System - Clay’s

An economic plan aimed to strengthen the economy through a national bank and internal improvements.

Second Bank of the US

Established to regulate the economy and provide a uniform currency.

Panic of 1819

The first major economic crisis marked by bank failures and high unemployment.

Sectionalism

Prioritizing regional interests over national ones, pronounced leading up to the Civil War.

Tariff of Abominations

A protective tariff that raised duties on imports, leading to significant opposition.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement allowing Missouri as a slave state and prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30' parallel.

Tallmadge Amendment

A proposed amendment that sought to prohibit further introduction of slavery in Missouri.

Indian Removal Act

A law authorizing the forced relocation of Native American tribes to designated territories.

Worcester vs. Georgia

A Supreme Court case affirming that Native American nations were distinct communities.

Force Act

Law empowering President Jackson to use military to enforce federal tariffs.

Nullification Crisis

A confrontation over South Carolina's attempt to nullify federal tariffs.

Whigs - Clay

A political party formed in opposition to Jacksonian Democrats, advocating for modernization.

Universal White Male Suffrage

The movement toward granting voting rights to all white males, regardless of property ownership.