CD-275 Anatomy Final Review

Tendons connect to .

muscle to bone

Ligaments connect to .

bone to bone

Bone, cartilage, and blood are all forms of _ tissue.

connective

Tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord is called _ tissue.

nervous

What type of tissue makes up the superficial layer of mucous membrane and the cells constituting the skin?

Epithelial

A class of joints of the skeletal system that creates mobility is called .

diarthrotic/synovial

A thin sheet of tissue or layer of cells acting as a boundry, lining, or partition is called _.

membrane

What cavity of the body houses the heart?

Thoracic

A foramen is a _.

hole

The extension of a bone or structure is called a _.

process

A faucet or fossa is a ___.

depression

A ___ plane passes through the breast, hip, and knee on only one side of the body.

parasagittal

Lungs are _ to the diaphragm.

superior

What term refers ti the movement of a structure away from midline?

abduct

What type of muscle is involuntary and can be found in gastrointestinal tract, bladder, uterus, and blood vessels?

smooth

A coronal cut will result in ___ and __ portions.

anterior and posterior

Cells form tissues. Tissues form organs. Groups of organs form ___.

systems

Your ankles are to your knees.

distal

To close or move toward midline is to.

adduct

A flat, sheet-like tendon is called a(n) _.

aponeurosis.

muscle tissue is under voluntary control.

Skeletal/striated

___ is a type of cartilage that is smooth and provides a smooth mating surface for the articulating surfaces of bones.

Hyaline

The assumed portion of reference when using directional tems to describe psition or direction of body structures is called the position.

anatomical

tissue is a type of tissue that functions to support and connect other tissues.

Connective

The _ is the attachment site of a muscle that doesn't move during contraction.

origin

The _ is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts.

insertion

A transaxial or horizontal section will provide you with a or _ view of. structure.

superior or inferior

The space between the surface of the lungs and the inner thoracic wall is called the _.

pleural space

During external respiration the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place between the and the .

lungs and the blood

Spinal nerves enter and exit out of the spinal column via the ___ of the vertebral collumn,

intervertebral foramen

Boyle's law states that given a gas of constant temperature and you decrease the olume of a sapce then the pressure will and vice versa.

increase

The ribs attach to the __ vertebrae.

thoracic

The nose, mouth, pharynx, and larynx make up the _ respiratory tract.

upper

During expiration, counteracts the recoil forces (i.e., lungs returning to resting volume) and promotes the steady release of air necessary for speaking.

inspiratory checking

The primary muscle(s) of inspiration is the __.

diaphragm

During inspiration, the primary muscle of inspiration __.

flattens

The volume of air that can be inhaled following the tidal inspiration is called .

inspiratory reserve volume

Pectoralis major, pectoralis minor, sternocleidomastoid, and scalene uscles are muscles that may aid in .

inspiration

The ribcage is made up of _ pairs of ribs.

12 (7 true, 3 false, 2 floating)

Abdominal muscles of expiration function by compressing the __.

viscera

The amount of air left in the lungs following a maximum inhalation is the _.

residual volume

The amount of usable air in the lungs is called ___.

vital capacity

Inspiration is always a(n) __ process.

active

The control center for respiration is in the .

brainstem

Contraction of the muscles of expiration _ the volume of the thorax.

decreases

Muscular activity is required to __.

expel air beyond tidal expiration

The ___ is comprised of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

pelvic girdle

For air to flow out of the lungs, the pressure in the lungs must be _ than the atmospheric pressure,

greater

The chest bone is called the .

sternum

The spinal cord ascends and descends through the .

vertebral foramen.

The spinous processes of the vertebral column project __.

posteriorly

The vertebral column has five divisions:

cervical, thoracic lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal

The larynx sits to the esophagus.

anterior

The __ closes off the opening (entrance of the larynx).

epiglottis

False vocal folds are also known as the _ folds.

ventricular

The most inferior cartilage of the larynx is the __.

cricoid

The primary abductor of the vocal folds is the ___ muscles.

posterior cricoarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle for medial compression

lateral cricoarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle that opens vocal folds

posterior cricoarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle that moves arytenoids medially

interarytenoid

Intrinsic laryngeal muscle that is the bulk of vocal folds and tenses and relaxes the folds

thyroarytenoid

The vocal folds are attached anteriorly to the _.

thyroid

The vocal folds are attached posteriorly to the _.

arytenoid

Fibers of this suprahyoid muscle form the floor of the oral cavity.

mylohyoid

The infrahyoid muscles (thyrohyoid muscles, the sternohyoid muscles, sternothyroid, and omohyoid muscles) all help the hyoid bone.

depress

The muscles are intrinisic laryngeal muscles that when contracted result in the stretching or lengthening of the true vocal folds.

cricothyroid

The amplitude or loudness of a sound is known as _.

intensity

Thickened superior borders of the quadrangular mebrane are called the __ and form the superior boundary of the laryngeal vestibule.

aryepiglottic folds

The only functional mobile points of the larynx are the cricothyroid joints and the _ joints.

cricoarytenoid

The laryngeal vestibule opens to the above.

hypopharynx

When subglottilc pressure overcomes the resistance of adducted vocal folds, the folds _.

open

When the vocal folds oscilate, the superficial tissue of the vocal folds is displaced in a wave-like fashion. This creates what is called the __.

mucosal wave

The cartilages are pyramid shaped and sit on top of cricoid cartilage.

arytenoid

Cranial nerve supplies most of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

X (vagus)

The frequency of vocal fold vibration influences/determines a person's .

pitch

The ___, stylohyoid, geniohyoid, and mylohyoid are he 4 suprahyoid muscles.

digastric

All the suprahyoid muscles may help with mandibular depression except for the and part of the _.

stylohyoid and part of the digastric

Number the following structures in order from superior to inferior: trachea, thyroid, cricoid, hyoid

hyoid, thyroid, cricoid, trachea

The degree of medial compression, the degree of glottal convegence, and vocal fold viscosity may influence _.

loudness/vocal quality

The cricoid cartilage is attached to the trachea via the membranes.

cricotracheal

The larynx acts as a valving system. It can close off at the laryngeal inlet, false vocal folds, and the .

true vocal folds

The _ portion of the temporal bones is found at the floor of the cranium between the occipital and the sphenoid bones and contains the canals of the inner ear.

petrous

The vomer, zygomatic, lacrimal, nasal, and mandible bones help make up the skeleton.

facial

The framework of the nose is formed by the ethmoid, vomer, palatine, pterygoid processes and the __ bones.

nasal, maxillary

Two transverse muscles of facial expression are which is a deep muscle and the __ which some people don't have.

buccinator, risorious

Velopharyngeal closures is achieved mainly by contraction of the _ and the superior pharyngeal constrictor.

levator veli palatine

To frown, one would contract the _ muscles.

depressor anguli oris

The processes of the maxillae and the horizontal plates of the __ bone form the hard palate.

palatal, palatine

The stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeaus, and palatopharyngeal muscles all work together to ___ the pharynx.

elevate, raise, shorten

The is the prime mover of the tongue and makes up most of its deeper bulk.

genioglossus

The eustachian (EU) tubes open into the _.

nasopharynx

The circular pharyngeal muscles are called _.

constrictors

The palatine tonsils are located between the ___.

anterior and posterior faucial arches.

The ____ is a large, thin neck muscle that aids with mandibular depression.

platysma

The extrinsic lingual muscles ___ the tongue.

position

The intrinsic lingual muscles ___ the tongue.

shape

The _ is a narrow, collapsed tube at rest that allows for passage of food to the stomach.

esophagus

The large impaired bone of the facial skeleton that makes up the lower jaw is called the ___.

mandible

The division of the pharynx sits posteriorly to the laryngeal inlet and is continuous with the esophagus inferiorly.

hypopharynx

The ___ is a fibromuscular tube that extends from the base of the skull to the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage.

pharynx