FCLE Government Topic Review

Federalism

Divisional power between state and federal government

Judicial review

Started in Marbury v. Madison and is the comparison of the law to the constitution

Marbury v. Madison

Judicial review

McCulloch v. Maryland

States cannot tax the federal government

Dredd Scott v. Sanford

African American’s do not have access to the courts

Korematsu v. U.S.

Internment of Japanese-American citizens was constitutional during war

Mapp v. Ohio

Warrants are needed to enter and search private property

Engel v. Vitale

Challenged prayer in the public school system

Citizens United v. FEC

Cooperations cannot financially support political candidates

Brown v. Board of Education

Separate but equal is unconstitutional

U.S. v. Nixon

7 of Nixon’s ados were indicted and charged with federal crimes and Nixon resigned before his impeachment

Plessy v. Ferguson

Separate but equal is constitutional and African American’s cannot use white facilities

Roe v. Wade

Segmented the justation period into trimesters: abortion is allowed up to the first trimester of fetus development

Tinker v. Des Moines

Silent/Symbolic speech is allowed, in schools and in public

Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

Schools can prevent student reporters from publishing information

Gideon v. Wainwright

If you are exposed to any jail time, you are entitled to an attorney

Miranda v. Arizona

You must knowingly waive your right to silence

University of California v. Bakke

Affirmative action, college are not allowed to put strict race quotas into place for admissions

Schnek v. U.S.

It is illegal to hinder the draft during wartimes

W. Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette-Free Exercise Clause

Making students salute our flag is unconstitutional

1st Amendment

Freedom of religion and speech

4th Amendment

Unreasonable search and seizure

5th Amendment

Due process and double jeopardy

8th Amendment

Cruel and unusual punishment

14th Amendment

Equal protection, natural born citizenship for former slaves, due process

15th Amendment

Voting rights for African American men

17th Amendment

Direct election of U.S. senators (plurality clause)

19th Amendment

Women’s suffrage

22nd Amendment

Presidents are allowed to be in office for 2 terms

Missouri Compromise

Dealt with future states not becoming slave states (after Missouri)

Common Sense

Thomas Paine praising and condemning elements of the U.S. government based on common sense

Federalist Papers Authors

Madison, Jefferson, Adams

Supremacy Clause

Ranks the law from federal to state

Concurrent Powers

Shared powers

Enumerated Powers

State powers

Equal Rights Amendment

Never ratified