UTA Questions

What is the function of the kidneys?

Produce urine

Which of the following is part of the renal tubule?

a. PCT (proximal convoluted tubule) b. Loop of Henle c. DCT (distal convoluted tubule) d. Collecting duct

Where does bulk reabsorption occur in the renal tubule?

PCT

What determines the final urine composition and volume?

Collecting duct

What does excretion in the kidneys do?

Removal of wastes from body fluids in urine

Where does urine production start?

Nephron

What is the outer portion of the kidney called?

Renal cortex

What does Glomerulus do?

Filters small solutes from the blood

Where do aquaporins allow water to pass from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid?

Descending loop of Henle

Which of the following is NOT part of the renal corpuscle?

Distal convoluted tubule

Where does protein-free filtrate travel?

Renal Tubule

What structure is composed of descending and ascending limb?

The Loop of Henle

What is the last segment of the renal tubule?

DCT

Where do further adjustments to the filtrate occur?

DCT

What type of cells line the DCT?

Epithelial cells

What acts as a funnel to drain urine from the kidney to the ureter?

Renal pelvis

Ureter transports urine toward the

urinary bladder

Urinary bladder temporarily stores urine prior to

elimination

_____conducts urine to exterior

Urethra

Kidneys are composed of nephrons along with a

collecting system

The three processes in the function of kidneys are

filtration, reabsorption, and excretion

The _____________ is the outer shell of the kidney

renal capsule

The renal medulla is composed of

renal pyramids, renal columns, minor calyx, and major calyx

Ascending loops of Henle reabsorbs ________ from the filtrate into the interstitial fluid

Na+ and Cl-

The proximal convoluted tubules remove _____ and adjusts _____

toxins, filtrate pH

The distal tubule selectively secretes and absorbs different ions to maintain

blood pH and electrolyte balance.

When considering the glomerulus, it receives blood from the

afferent arteriole

The Bowman’s capsule surrounds the

glomerulus

DCT cells are _____ active than of the PCT cells

less

Epithelial cells lining the DCT are _________ than those of the PCT and do NOT have ______

smaller, microvilli

Angiotensin causes ________ by the adrenal cortex

vasoconstriction and segregation of aldosterone

________ lines urinary bladder and ureters

Urothelium

What chamber of the heart pumps low oxygen blood to the lungs?

right ventricle

What chamber of the heart collects high oxygen blood via the right and left pulmonary veins?

left atrium

What chamber of the heart collects high oxygen blood via the right and left pulmonary veins?

left ventricle

What circuit carries blood to the body?

system circuit

What circuit carries blood to the lungs?

pulmonary circuit

What closes when ventricles contract?

atrioventricular valves

What are the cells in the SA node called?

pacemaker cells

What is the parasympathetic stimulation of the heart responsible for?

decreasing heart rate

What leads to vasoconstriction

stimulation

Name the three walls of blood vessels

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica externa

tissue of tunica intima

endothelial cells and connective tissue

tissue of tunica media

smooth muscle

tissue of tunica externa

connective tissue

what has thick walls and small lumen

arteries

what is a wall of a capillary composed of?

endothelial cell lining

when should a capillary wall be thin

for diffusion of nutrients and waste

what nerves innervate blood vessel smooth muscle

sympathetic

which of the following is not a characteristic of an artery?

it contains valves

which type of white blood cell is responsible for defending against large particles or pathogens?

monocytes

what is the most abundant type of white blood cell in the body?

neutrophils

which type of white blood cell is responsible for targeting specific antigens within your body?

lymphocytes

what system is the venous system

low blood pressure, high volume

name the function of platelets

clotting

name the function of red blood cells

transport oxygen

name the function of white blood cells

fight infections

what is a mast cell responsible for

releasing histamine to wash away antigens

what cells are adaptive?

B cells and T cells

what is the thymus the site of

T cell maturation