Six Sigma Quiz 1

Six Sigma

one of the most popular approaches embraced by companies all over the world during the past three decades.

3.4 DPMO

Primary objective of Six Sigma is to reduce variation to achieve quality levels in products and processes to less than?

1986

when was Six Sigma first introduced

Motorola

where was Six Sigma first introduced

Bill Smith

a senior engineer and scientist within Motorola’s Communications Division, introduced the concept of Six Sigma in response to increasing complaints from the field sales force about warranty claims. the “Father of Six Sigma”.

Improving Processes

Lowering Defects

Reducing process variability

Reducing costs

Increasing customer satisfaction

Increased profits

Six Sigma is a business-driven, multi-dimensional structured approach for:

Prevention Costs

are associated with preventing defects before they happen.

Appraisal Costs

are incurred when the firm assesses the level of performance of its processes.

Internal Failure Costs

result from defects that are discovered during the production of a service or product.

External Failure Costs

arise when a defect is discovered after the customer receives the service or product. Dissatisfied customers talk about bad service or products to their friends, who in turn tell others.

Critical Quality

Defect

Process Capability

Variation

Stable Operations

Design of Six Sigma

Key Concepts of Six Sigma:

Critical Quality

Attributes most important to the customer.

Defect

Failing to deliver what the customer wants.

Process Capability

What your process can deliver.

Variation

What the customer sees and feels.

Stable Operations

Ensuring consistent, predictable processes to improve what the customer sees and feels.

Design for Six Sigma

Designing to meet customer needs and process capability.

Generates sustained success

Sets a performance goal for everyone

Enhances value to customers

Accelerates the rate of improvement

Promotes learning and cross-pollination

Executes strategic change

Benefits of Six Sigma

Customers

Processes

Employees

Key Elements of Six Sigma

The Processes

is the central aspect of Six Sigma. By understanding the transaction lifecycle from the customer's needs and processes, we can discover what they are seeing and feeling. This gives a chance to identify weak areas with in a process and then we can improve them.

The Employees

It is important to Six Sigma that all the team members should have a well-defined role with measurable objectives.

conforming

a part or product has all quality characteristic values, within the relevant specification limits.

nonconforming

a part or product’s characteristic value falls outside its

associated specification limit.

defective

a part or product yields performance sufficiently below expectations such that its safe or effective usage is prevented.

defect

a part or product’s characteristic value causes substantially reduced product performance.

Standard Operating Procedures

SOP

Detailed

Measured

Concise

Major types of SOP

Acceptance Sampling

It involves collecting and analyzing a relatively small number of KIV measurements to make “accept or reject” decisions about a relatively large number of units.

Control Planning

is an activity performed by the “owners” of a process to assure that all process KOV variables are being measured in a way that assures a high degree of quality. This effort can involve application of multiple methods.

Designs of Experiments

Are methods are structured approaches for collecting

response data from varying multiple KIVs to a system.

Failure Mode and Effects Analysis

is a method for prioritizing response measurements and subsystems addressed with highest priority.

Formal Optimization

is itself a diverse set of methods for writing technical problems in a precise way and for developing recommended settings to improve a specific system or product, using input-output models as a starting point.

Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility

involves collecting repeated measurements on an engineering system and performing complicated calculations to assess the acceptability of a specific measurement system.

Process Mapping

involves creating a diagram of the steps involved with an engineering system. The exercise can be an important part of waste reduction efforts and lean engineering and can aid in identifying key input variables.

Statistical Process Control

includes several methods to assess visually and statistically the quality and consistency of process KOVs and to identify unusual occurrences.

Quality Function Deployment

involves creating several matrices that help decision-makers better understand how their system differs from competitor systems, both in the eyes of their customers and in objective features.

Kai

Change

Zen

Good

Kaizen

continuous improvement or continuous search for a better way

Lean

reduce waste by simplifying processes

Six Sigma

reduce defects by efficiently solving problems

Specify Value

Identify Value Stream

Create Flow

Pull where you cannot flow

Strive for Perfection

Principles of Six Sigma

Specify Value

it is what your customer is prepared to pay

Identify Value Stream

steps required to bring your client the product or service

Create Flow

movement of the product/service/transaction along the value stream