JPT Preboard - Structural

Structure

It is an assemblage of framing members designed to support gravity loads and resist lateral forces.

Hazardous Facilities

Occupancies and structures housing or supporting toxic or explosive chemicals or substances; Non-building structures storing, supporting or containing quantities of toxic or explosive substances.

Dead Load

This consists of the weight of all materials and other fixed or permanent loads.

Retaining Wall

A wall design to resist the lateral displacement of soil or other materials.

Diaphragm

It is a horizontal or nearly horizontal system acting to transmit lateral forces to the vertical-resisting elements, including the horizontal bracing systems.

Soft Storey

It is one in which the lateral stiffness is less than 70% of the stiffness of the storey above.

Weak Storey

It is one in which the storey strength is less than 80% of the storey above.

Concrete

It is an artificial stone derived from a mixture of properly proportioned amount of hydraulic cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water, with or without admixtures.

Admixture

A material other than aggregate, water, or hydraulic cement used as an ingredient of concrete and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties.

Live Load

Load that is movable or transferable is called:

Girder

Large beam supporting a smaller beam is called:

Elasticity

From the list, which is an advantage of steel over concrete?

Crippling

The sharp bending or buckling when a column is loaded heavily is called:

Crippling

Usual failure of a long column:

Yield

What usually happen to reinforcing steel in a reinforced concrete slab or beam if such member is about to collapse?

Bundled Bars

Reinforcing bars put in contact to act as a unit is called:

Beam

Structural member that is subjected to transverse load which bends it:

Hold longitudinal bars in place

What is the purpose of the stirrups aside from resisting vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam?

Use of concrete vibrator

Honeycomb in concrete can be limited by the:

Seismicity

The degree to which a location is subjected to earthquake risk, usually refers to the frequency of occurrence and magnitude of past earthquake and expectation of future earthquake activity:

Columns

Ties are used for what type of structural elements?

Planted

What do you call a column that is not aligned to a lower floor column?

Pre-Tensioning

Type of pre-stressing for which tension is applied prior to the placing of concrete.

Flat Slab

A type of concrete floor which has no supporting beams.

Punching

The failure of a base when heavily loaded columns strike a hole through it is due to:

Bond Stress

The force adhesion per unit area of contact between two bonded surfaces is:

Span Length

The distance between two structural supports is called:

Jacking Force

What is the temporary force exerted by a device that introduce tension into a pre-stressing tendons?

Setting

Rapid hardening cement is called "early _______ cement"

Settlement

The gradual downward movement of an engineering structure due to compression of the soil below the foundation.

Permeability

The ability of soil to allow water to flow through it.

Workability

Slump test is done in fresh concrete in order primarily to determine:

Retarder

This has the effect of delaying the onset of hardening and reducing the rate of hydration process in concrete:

Aggregates

Inert materials in concrete which occupy more than 75% of the volume of the hardened concrete:

Bearing Wall

The wall that supports vertical loads:

Contraction Joint

It is formed, sawed, or tooled groove in a concrete structure to create a weakened plane and regulate the location of cracking resulting from the dimensional change of different parts of the structure

Development Length

It is the length of embedded reinforcement required to develop the design strength of reinforcement at a critical section.

Post Tensioning

It is a method of pre-stressing in which tendons are tensioned after concrete has hardened.

125 kN-m

The maximum moment of a simply supported beam, 5 meters long, carrying 40kN/m uniformly distributed load is:

Allowable Stress

Working stress refers to the actual stress developed in a material under a given load; while the maximum safe stress that a material can withstand is referred to:

Thermal Stress

It is the stress induced as a result of restrained deformations due to changes in temperature:

Potable

Water used in concrete must be clean. To ensure quality and hydration process water must be:

Inflection Point

A point within a beam or column where no moment is developed is called:

Retaining Wall

A wall that resists forces exerted by soil:

Chevron

It is a form of bracing where a pair of braes located either above or below a beam terminates at a single point within the clear beam span, is called:

Pedestal

It is an upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension not exceeding of 3:

Isolation Joint

It is a separation between adjoining parts of a concrete structure, usually a vertical plane, at a designed location such as to interfere least with performance of the structure, yet such as to allow relative movement in three directions and avoid formation of cracks elsewhere in the concrete and through which all or part of the bonded reinforcement is interrupted.

Welding

It is used to fasten together components of a built-up member, such as a plate girder, and to make connections between steel members using fusion in a controlled atmosphere and requires more skilled labor.

Natural Defect

Knot in woods or timbers are what type of defect?

6db

The minimum bend diameter for 10-mm through 25 mm dia. deformed bars is:

75mm

The maximum spacing of spirals is:

0.90

The strength reduction factor, dia. for flexure is:

12mm

The minimum size of slab reinforcement is:

m < 0.50

For One-Way Slab, the ratio of width to length, m, is:

m >= 0.50

For Two-Way Slab, the ratio of width to length, m, is:

4-16mm dia.

The minimum reinforcement for tied column is:

6-16mm dia.

The minimum reinforcement for spiral column is:

A36

ASTM steel with yield stress of 36,000 psi jas a symbol of:

100mm

The thickness of one-way slab should never be less than:

20mm

Slabs not exposed to weather and not in contact with the ground must have a minimum clear cover of:

3/8 inch

The Coarse Aggregates in concrete must be larger than _______ but not to exceed nominal size prescribed in Section 403.4.2 of NSCP:

20.685 MPa

The strength of concrete at 28th day is 3000 psi. This value is the same as:

60 ksi

Grade 60 Steel-Reinforcement has a yield stress of 275.8 Mpa. This stress is the same as:

0.85

Shear and Torsion strength reduction factor dia. is:

General purpose

ASTM Type I Cement is generally for:

25mm

No. 8 deformed bar has a diameter of:

75mm

Concrete cast against and permanently exposed to earth must be a minimum concrete cover of:

300mm

Lap splices for uncoated deformed bar or wire must not be less than the larger of 48db and ________.

36

Deformed bars larger than _____mm should not be bundled.

25mm

The minimum clear spacing between parallel bars in a layer shall be db but not less than ______:

c. 4

The maximum number of reinforcement for bundled bars is:

1/8 wL^2

A simply supported beam, L meters long, carrying a uniformly distributed load of w(N/m) throughout the span, has a maximum moment of:

1d

Minimum length of Class A lap for tension Lap Splices shall be ______, but not less than 300mm:

3mm

The minimum size of Fillet Weld is:

At L/3

Where can we stop pouring ready mixed concrete on beams if pouring cannot be done in one setting?

Composite

What do you call 2 or more materials that are combined together?

Own weight and Wind Load

What forces does a Curtain Wall resist?

Stirrups

Web reinforcements that resist vertical and diagonal tensions in a beam and hold the main rebars in place.

Long Column

Will most likely fail due to buckling

Effective Depth

Distance measured from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension reinforcement, is:

Ties

Loop of reinforcing bars or wires enclosing longitudinal reinforcement in tied columns.

Wall

Element, usually vertical, used to enclose or separate spaces and also at times, serve as structural member.

Pedestal

An upright compression member with a ratio of unsupported height to average least lateral dimension of less than 3:

Aggregate

Inert material that is mixed with hydraulic cement and water to produce concrete.

25mm

In spirally reinforced concrete column, the clear spacing between spirals shall not be larger than 75mm and shall not be less than:

Post Tensioning

What is the method of introducing a jacking force in which tendons are tensioned after the concrete has hardened enough to sustain this temporary force?

0.888

What is the weight in kilogram of a 1-meter long No. 4 deformed bar?

Stress

The intensity of force per unit area is called:

End Anchorage

This refers to the length of reinforcement or mechanical anchor or hook or combination thereof beyond point of zero stress in reinforcement.

Basic Wind Speed

It is a 3-second gust speed at 10 meters above the ground in Exposure C and associated with an annual probability of 0.02 of being equaled or exceeded (50 year mean recurrence interval)

Storey Drift

It is defined as displacement of one level relative to the level above or below it

600mm

Splices of deformed bars shall be staggered at least _______ and in such a manner as to develop at every section at least twice the calculated tensile force at that section but not less than 140 Mpa for total area of reinforcement provided.

Crosstie

It is a continuous reinforcing bar having a seismic hook at one end and a hook of not less than 90 degrees with at least twice the calculated tensile force at that section but not less than 140 Mpa for total area of reinforcement provided.

Length/10

The minimum thickness required by Code for a solid Cantilevered Slab shall be the larger of 75mm and:

U = 1.4DL + 1.7LL

The required strength U to resist dead load (DL) and live load (LL) shall be at least:

40mm

For non-prestressed concrete the minimum concrete cover for beams and columns not exposed to weather and not in contact with the earth is:

12mm

The minimum tie or hoop diameter for bundled bars is:

10mm

For cast-in-place construction, size (diameter) of spirals shall not be less than _____ for 16mm through 32mm longitudinal bars

8db

For Bars larger than 25mm diameter, the minimum bend shall not be less than ____ but less than 38mm dia.

0.15 meters

The minimum depth of a gravel bed is: