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25 Terms
1
Cognitive Psychology
The study of mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem solving.
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2
Encoding
The process of converting information into a format that can be stored in memory.
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3
State Dependent Learning
The phenomenon where memory retrieval is most effective when an individual is in the same state of consciousness as when the memory was formed.
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4
Misinformation Effect
The phenomenon where a person's memory is altered by misleading information after an event.
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5
Anterograde Amnesia
The inability to form new memories after a brain injury.
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6
Retrograde Amnesia
The loss of memories from before a brain injury.
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7
Korsakoff's Syndrome
A chronic neurocognitive disorder caused by thiamine deficiency, often seen in alcoholics, characterized by confusion and memory loss.
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8
Alzheimer's Disease
A progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily by memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes.
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9
False Memories
Memories that a person believes are true but are actually distorted or fabricated.
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10
Transfer-Appropriate Processing
The principle that memory retrieval is more effective when the processes used during encoding match those used during retrieval.
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11
Hippocampus
A brain structure critically involved in the formation of memories and spatial navigation.
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12
Method of Loci
A mnemonic device that associates items to be remembered with specific imaginary locations.
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13
Acrostics
Phrases in which the first letter of each word serves as a cue for retrieval.
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14
Scripts
Cognitive structures that guide the understanding of events, including the sequence of actions typically associated with specific contexts.
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15
Picture Superiority Effect
The phenomenon where pictures are more likely to be remembered than words.
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16
Depression and Memory
The relationship between negative mood states and impaired memory performance.
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17
Eyewitness Testimony
The account a bystander or victim gives in the courtroom, which can be erroneous due to memory distortions.
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18
Cognitive Neuroscience
The field that studies the biological processes underlying cognition.
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19
Repression
The psychological defense mechanism in which unpleasant memories are unconsciously blocked from retrieval.
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20
Confabulation
The memory error where a person creates false memories without the intention to deceive, filling in gaps in their own memory with plausible information.
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21
Cognitive Load
The total amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.
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22
Episodic Memory
The ability to recall specific events and experiences from one's past.
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23
Semantic Memory
The aspect of memory that deals with general knowledge and facts.
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24
Recognition Memory
The ability to identify previously encountered information.
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25
Recall Memory
The retrieval of memory without the aid of external cues.
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