Progressive Era Study Guide - Video Notes

Flashcards covering immigration, muckrakers, key presidents, monopolies, suffrage, and major Progressive Era reforms as outlined in the lecture notes.

What geographic regions do 'old' and 'new' immigration refer to in the notes?

Old immigration: Northwest Europe; New immigration: Southeast Europe (and beyond).

List two general advantages and two general disadvantages of immigration as mentioned.

Advantages: new opportunities, new jobs. Disadvantages: leaving family behind, racism.

What is a muckraker?

A journalist who exposes corruption and abuses in big institutions, including monopolies.

Which issue did Upton Sinclair focus on according to the notes?

Lack of meat inspection.

Which issue did Jacob Riis focus on according to the notes?

Housing conditions.

Which issue did Jane Addams focus on according to the notes?

Women’s suffrage.

Which issue did Booker T. Washington focus on according to the notes?

Blacks (racial equality and uplift).

What impact did muckrakers have on the United States according to the notes?

They exposed government corruption which led to reforms.

List Roosevelt’s basic accomplishments mentioned in the notes.

Square Deal; Newlands Reclamation Act; Meat Inspection Act; Hepburn Act; Mine Workers’ Strike.

What political party did Theodore Roosevelt belong to?

Republican.

List Taft’s basic accomplishments mentioned in the notes.

Payne-Aldrich Tariff; Labor; Children’s Bureau; Standard Oil Company.

What political party did Taft belong to?

Republican.

List Woodrow Wilson’s basic accomplishments mentioned in the notes.

State of the Union Address; Triple Wall of Privilege; Underwood Tariff; Federal Reserve Act; Clayton Antitrust Act; Federal Trade Commission; Adamson Act.

What political party did Woodrow Wilson belong to?

Democratic.

What is the approximate time period of the Progressive Era as given in the notes?

1890–1920s.

What were the four goals of the Progressive Era listed in the notes?

Protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement, economic reform, fostering efficiency.

What were the key achievements of the Progressive Era noted?

Working conditions improved; business regulation increased; government more efficient; more democratic; amendments.

How were working conditions generally in the early 1900s, and how did they change?

Generally harsh with long hours and bad wages; reforms led to 8-hour workdays.

How did working conditions change for women, and what case influenced this change?

From 10-hour days; Muller v. Oregon established restrictions on women’s work hours.

How did working conditions change for children?

From 12-hour days to a maximum of 9-hour days as reforms took effect.

What is a monopoly?

A large corporation with little to no competition that can control prices.

Why are monopolies considered bad for consumers?

Because lack of competition can lead to higher prices.

What did the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Clayton Antitrust Act aim to do?

Deal with growing abuse of economic power by monopolies.

What does the Clayton Antitrust Act specifically address according to the notes?

Legalize negotiations between labor and management.

What was women's suffrage, and when did it start according to the notes?

The suffrage of women’s rights; started in 1848.

Who were some leaders of the women’s suffrage movement listed in the notes?

Susan B. Anthony, Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Carrie Chapman Catt.

How did the women's suffrage movement get resolved in the notes?

The 19th Amendment.

What was the Underwood Tariff and what did it do?

Tariff reduction; reduced tariffs by about 30% of original rates.

What major constitutional change did the Underwood Tariff contribute to?

Led to the 16th Amendment (federal income tax).

What amendment is associated with the Underwood Tariff’s impact?

16th Amendment (graduated federal income tax).

How long did the Progressive Era span according to the notes?

Approximately 1890 to the 1920s.

Name one Act under Wilson that reformed the banking system or regulation of commerce.

Federal Reserve Act (and others listed: Underwood Tariff, Clayton Antitrust Act, Federal Trade Commission, Adamson Act).