combustion and pollutants

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10 Terms

1
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what can the products of combustion be?

complete: CO2 + H2O

incomplete: CO + H2O or C + H2O

2
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which pollutants does an internal combustion engine produce?

NOx, CO, C and unburned hydrocarbons

3
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what is the function of a catalytic converter?

removes toxic gaseous pollutants from internal combustion engines and converts them into less harmful substances (e.g. CO2, water vapour, N)

4
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how is CO2 formed in the atmosphere? what potential problems may this cause?

  • complete combustion of C in fuel

  • greenhouse gas causing global warming

5
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how is CO formed in the atmosphere? what potential problems may this cause?

  • incomplete combustion of C in fuel

  • toxic

6
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how is C formed in the atmosphere? what potential problems may this cause?

  • incomplete combustion of C in fuel

  • blackens buildings, global dimming

7
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how is SO2 formed in the atmosphere? what potential problems may this cause?

  • combustion of S in fuel (through fuel impurities)

  • acid rain, air pollution

8
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how are NO and NO2 formed in the atmosphere? what potential problems may this cause?

  • reaction of N2 in air w/ O2 in air at very high temperatures (e.g. engines/furnaces)

  • acid rain

9
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what potential problems may unburned fuel cause?

fuel waste, harmful greenhouse gas

10
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how can we reduce SO2 emissions?

flue gas desulfurisation:

  • powdered CaO or CaCO3 mixed w/ water to make an alkaline slurry

  • when flue gases mix w/ alkaline slurry, acidic SO2 gas reacts w/ calcium compounds to form CaSO3, which is harmless

<p>flue gas desulfurisation: </p><ul><li><p>powdered CaO or CaCO<sub>3</sub> mixed w/ water to make an alkaline slurry</p></li><li><p>when flue gases mix w/ alkaline slurry, acidic SO<sub>2</sub> gas reacts w/ calcium compounds to form CaSO<sub>3</sub>, which is harmless</p></li></ul><p></p>