functional human anatomy exam 2

anatomy exam 2

The space between the epicardium and the myocardium is the pericardial cavity and it contains pericardial fluid which lubricates the space to reduce friction.

False

A very swollen arm or leg may be a sign of ______ which is caused by removal of or injury to lymph nodes and/or vessels.

lymphedema

Lymph returns to the venous system by squeezing from the interstitial spaces into venules.

False

The primary motor cortex would be found in the ______ lobe of the cerebral cortex.

frontal

The bolus moves from the tongue and palate past the uvula to enter the oropharynx during the

buccal

The limbic system is a region of the brain referred to as the "emotional brain" and is made of the following ______.

hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, olfactory bulb, thalamus

A stretch reflex is an immediate involuntary motor response, such as pulling your hand back after touching a hot surface.

False

At the blood air barrier, oxygen moves into the capillaries and this gas, ______, enters the alveolus.

carbon dioxide

The alveolar sacs of the lungs are directly surrounded by an extensive network of arteries which make the gas exchange between the blood and alveolar sacs possible.

False

Blood moving through the systemic circulation would move through these structures in the following order ______.

left ventricle, aorta, to head/upper/lower body, inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium

The medulla oblongata is the control center for respiration but other areas of the body send signals that affect rate and depth of respiration.

True

The vessels supplying oxygenated blood to the coronary tissue include the left and right coronary arteries and the descending aorta.

False

The thoracic duct collects lymph from ______.

both sides of the body inferior to the diaphragm and from the left side of the body superior to the diaphragm

Food moving through the digestive system would pass through the organs in this order ______.

oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

The oculomotor nerves innervate all six extraocular muscles.

False

The following are lymphatic organs ______.

spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes

ADH (antidiuretic hormone), also called vasopressin, is released in response to a decrease in electrolyte concentrations or an increase in blood pressure.

False

Which endocrine organ has these three roles?

- Acts as an endocrine organ releasing ADH and OXT at the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland

- Secretes regulatory hormones which control activity of the anterior lobe of the pituitary

- Contains ANS centers that control the adrenal medulla

Hypothalamus

This hormone does several things ______.

- Targets smooth muscles of the uterus

- Targets the contractile cells of the mammary glands

- Causes contraction of smooth muscles of the uterus resulting in uterine contractions

- Causes smooth muscle contractions in the prostate gland

OXT (oxytocin)

The ______ is the second largest part of the brain. It coordinates smooth motor function, fine tunes movements, and adjusts postural muscles.

cerebellum

The function of the cardiovascular system includes transporting numerous substances throughout the body including ______.

white blood cells, antibodies, and ions

nutrients, oxygen, and carbon dioxide

metabolic wastes, enzymes, and hormones

The more melanin a person has and the darker their skin tone, the longer they must be in the sun to convert a hormone into inactive vitamin D.

True

The following are effects of sympathetic stimulation ______.

increased cardiovascular activity

elevation in muscle tone

increased alertness

______ consists of smooth muscle contractions that move a bolus along the digestive tract.

Peristalsis

In comparison to blood vessels, lymphatic vessels are ______.

larger, have thinner walls, and have an irregular outline

The ______ drains blood from the coronary circulation into the right atrium.

coronary sinus / cardiac veins / coronary veins

A ______ is a specific area of skin supplied by a particular sensory neuron.

dermatome

The cells involved in cell mediated immunity are

T cells

Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries are tightly connected to prevent interstitial fluid from entering.

False

The PCCE of the respiratory tract helps capture inhaled debris and pathogens which are then absorbed into the bloodstream and filtered out by the liver for elimination through the digestive system.

False

If someone has insufficient surfactant production, their ______ may collapse.

alveoli

The radial nerve originates from the ______ plexus.

brachial

Most of the absorption of nutrients happens in the ______.

small intestine

These are the primary cells of the lymphatic system ______.

lymphocytes

When the doctor taps a patient's patellar ligament ultimately causing an action potential to contract the quadriceps femoris and the knee to extend, this is a . . .

a sign that muscle innervation is working properly

stretch reflex

a sign that muscle spindles are working properly

The following are effects of parasympathetic stimulation ______.

increased digestive system activity

contraction of the urinary bladder

The ______ nerve can be compressed by a tight piriformis muscle, causing pain in the ipsilateral lower extremity.

sciatic nerve

The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and stores feces prior to defecation.

True

The major collecting ducts of the lymphatic system drain into the venous circulation via the ______.

superior vena cava

The major collecting ducts of the lymphatic system drain into the venous circulation via the ______.

True

As endocrine organs, the kidneys release renin and a chain of conversions takes place which ultimately raises blood pressure back to homeostatic conditions.

True

Adispose cells produce a hormone called ______ that is being studied as a contributing factor in cardiovascular disease and childhood diabetes.

resistin

______ are cells that secrete a hormone that regulates sleep cycles and many people take a supplement of this hormone to help them sleep.

Pinealocytes

The ______ regulates body temperature and coordinates cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory, and reproductive functions.

autonomic nervous system

This(ese) nerve(s) splits near the popliteal fossa to form the tibial and fibular nerves.

Sciatic nerve

The following are true of the cardiac sinoatrial node ______.

it is located in the posterior wall of the right atrium

it is referred to as the cardiac pacemaker

it generates 60-100 action potentials per minute

______, a fluid which aids in digestion (particularly of fatty foods), is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Bile

In the cardiovascular system, these contain one

way valves that act to compartmentalize the vessels to prevent the backflow of blood.-Veins

These vessels carry blood away from the heart.

Arteries

The following are the main organs of the endocrine system ______.

pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pineal gland, and pancreas

The term ______ means most vital organs are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS in an antagonistic but balanced manner to maintain homeostasis.

dual innervation

The ______, an elastic cartilage structure, covers the trachea when we swallow to prevent aspiration into the lungs.

epiglottis

The brachial plexus is subdivided into roots, ______, ______, ______, and nerves, moving from medially to laterally away from the spinal cord.

trunks, divisions, cords

The mnemonic, "Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter more," helps us remember that the facial nerve is ______.

sensory and motor

The four major layers of the digestive tract are mucosa, submucosa, muscular layer, and serosa.

True

Nerve rami from T12

L4 make up the ______ plexus.-lumbar

The cervical plexus supplies small branches to three cranial nerves.

False

The large intestine consists of the following regions in this order ______. the cecum, colon (including the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon), followed by the ______.

rectumrespiration

The pancreas can release glucagon to raise blood glucose levels and it can also release insulin to lower blood glucose levels.

True

The cerebral hemispheres are separated along the sagittal plane by the ______ but connected by the ______.

longitudinal fissure, corpus callosum

Erythropoietin is produced by the ______ in response to low blood oxygen levels.

kidneys

The following are organs of the digestive tract, except ______.

kidneys

Regions of the small intestine are called the duodenum, jumanji, and ileum.

False

The following is/are true during respiration ______.

diaphragm moves downward during contraction and inhalation

Functions of the respiratory system include ______.

providing protection against invading pathogens

producing sound involved in verbal communication

This condition is caused by an infection with a virus that targets the salivary glands, causing them to become swollen and painful. Children today are commonly vaccinated against this ______.

mumps

The parasympathetic division of the ANS receives fibers from cranial nerves IV and from sacral roots S2-S4.

False

The adrenal medulla innervates visceral organs directly along neural pathways as part of the sympathetic division of the ANS.

False

This organ of the digestive system temporarily stores food and mechanically and chemically digests food, but it does not directly absorb any nutrients.

Stomach

The chain ganglia of the ______ division of the autonomic nervous system lie near the spinal cord.

sympathetic