unit 4 level 2

Working class

people who work for wages in factories, mills, mines, and other businesses, usually performing manual labor

Division of labor

a method in which factory production is divided into separate tasks, with one task assigned to each worker

Sweatshops

a small factory where employees work long hours under poor conditions for low wages

Child Labor

the practice of using children as manual laborers

Tenements

a run-down apartment building

Strike

a labor action in which workers refuse to go to work

Labor unions

a group of workers organized to protect the interests of its members

American Federation of labor 

a national labor organization, founded in 1886, that consisted mainly of skilled workers and focused on higher wages and shorter workdays

Socialism

a political theory that advocates ownership of the means of production, such as factories and farms, by the people rather than by capitalists and landowners

Collective Bargaining

negotiations between employers and employees concerning wages, working conditions, and other terms of employment

Haymarket Affair 

a violent clash in 1886 between union supporters and Chicago police that divided and weakened the labor movement

Homestead Strike

an 1892 Carnegie Steel plant workers' strike that was broken by the state militia and resulted in the union being shut out of the plant for four decades

Pullman Strike

an 1894 railway workers' strike that was broken by federal troops, weakening the labor movement

Anarchist

a person who rejects all forms of government