APUSH period 5 1844-1877

Mex-American War

1846-48: following the 1845 annexation of Texas, war broke out between Mexico and the US, showing the divide between free and slave states. This led to major territorial expansion for the US

Wilmont Proviso

Following the Mex-Amer war, proposed that slavery would. be forbidden in any new land acquired from the war.

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago 1848

ended the Mex-Amer war, granting the US California and most of the Southwest and ½ of Mexico. The US pays $15 million to Mex. gov.

Gadsen Purchase 1853

between the US and Mexico, in exchange for $10 million, the US purchased a chunk of modern day Arizona and a small portion of SW New Mexico

Free-Soil Party

inspired by the Wilmont Proviso, antislavery advocates who opposed the expansion of slavery westward.

Compromise of 1850

several bills that alleviated North and South tensions.

• California admitted as a free state.

• created the New Mexico and Utah territories where slavery was decided by popular soveriegnity

• slave trade banned in Washington DC

• stricter fugitive slave act

Kansas Nebraska Act 1854

repealed Missouri Compromise

• proposed Nebraska territory divided into 2: Nebraska and Kansas

• each would vote on slavery by popular soverignity

• presumed Nebraska free and kansas slave

Bleeding Kansas 1855-59

between anti and pro-slavery forces in order to determine whether Kansas would be slave or free

• Charles Sumner beaten by Brooks in Court

• Kansas would not be admitted to Union until Civil war

Lecompton Consitution

proposed pro-slavery constitution for Kansas

• protected slaveholders and excluded free African Americans from the Bill of Rights

• Kansas was eventually admitted as a free state

Dred Scott Case 1857

major contributor of Civil war

• Scott sued for freedom but Court ruled that all black ppl (slave or free) were not considered citizens, and Congress had no right to forbid slavery in the US.

• slaves were property and could be taken anywhere which went against the Missouri Compromise

Election of 1860

Lincoln’s election/ Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Freeport Doctrine

during the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Lincoln challenged Douglas to rationalize the concept of popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott Case

• Douglas argued that territories would have to enforce laws protecting slavery

  • South was upset and this and this ruined Douglas’ chances of winning

Confederate states of America

1861-65: attempted to secede from US to preserve slavery

• led by Jefferson Davis with their capital at Richmond, VA

John Crittenden

proposed an amendment to constitution to extend the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific border with slavery prohibited to the North of it and protected South of it.

• rejected by Lincoln

Civil war 1861-65

cemented supremacy of the federal government over state

Fort Sumter 1861

confederate army fired unarmed merchant vessel

• START OF CIVIL WAR

Battle of Bull Run 1861

early confederate victory, showing the North this would be a long, hard war.

Antietam 1862

the bloodiest single day war in US history

• ended Confederate army’s first Northern invasion

• McClellan fumbles and Lincoln fires him

• leads directly to the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation

Battle of Gettysburg 1863

the final major confederate push into the North, and Lee’s defeat ended hope of Britain or France recognizing the Confederacy as a legitamate nation

Appotamox 1865

where Lee surrendered, ending the Civil War

Emancipation Proclamation 1863

freed any slave in areas in open rebellion against the US government

13th amendment 1865

banned slavery, repealed the 3/5 clause

Writ of Habeas Corpus

Lincoln excersized his power to limit American’s Civil rights to protect the Union during the Civil war.

• he suspended habeas Corpus meaning the federal government could hold an individual in jail with no charges levied against them/ could challenge their custody

Reconstruction 1865-77

period of rebuilding and reforming the SOuth after the Civil war

• considered a failure for black ppl as they still had basically no freedom

10% plan (lincoln’s plan) 1863

bring Southern states back under the wing of the federal government (more lenient on the South)

• reestablished state government and required at least 10% of the state’s voters to swear loyalty to the US consitution

Wade Davis Bill (50%) 1864

made in response to the 10% plan (more harsh on South)

• required 50% of southern state voters to swear loyalty

• lincoln pocket-vetoed

Freedman Bureau 1865

helped manage newly emancipated slaves, providing food, shelter, medical attention, and education

black codes

in response to the emancipation of slaves, this restricted actions, movements, and freedom and black ppl

—> sharecropping

14th amendment 1868

protected US citizen’s rights, granting all black ppl full citizenship and civil rights, required due process, disallowed former Confederate officers from holding state/federal office

Tenure of office act 1867

disallowed the President from firing Cabinet members without the Senate’s consent

15th amendment 1870

all men could vote (black ppl still disadvantaged)

Civil rights act 1875

made it a crime for any person to be denied equal use of public places, ignored by most states

Force acts

authorized the use of federal troops to quell violence and enforce the 14th/15th amendmentsCom

Compromise of 1877

provided that Rutherford B. Hayes would become president if he agreed to remove the last remaining federal troops in SC, Florida, and Lousiana.

• end of martial law signaled the END OF RECONSTRUCTION