o Ch16 Diseases and Disorders terms NOT built from word parts

Addison disease

chronic syndrome resulting from a deficiency in the hormonal secretion of the adrenal cortex. Signs and symptoms may include weakness, weight loss, hypotension, darkening of skin, and loss of appetite.

congenital hypothyroidism

condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy (wasting away) of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism. The disease is characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and short stature.

Cushing syndrome

group of signs and symptoms attributed to the excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortices (pl. of cortex). This syndrome may be the result of a pituitary tumor that produces ACTH or a primary adrenal cortex hypersecretion. Signs include abnormally pigmented skin, “moon face,” pads of fat on the chest and abdomen, “buffalo hump” (fat on the upper back), wasting away of muscle, and hypertension.

diabetes insipidus (DI)

result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipsia), large amounts of urine (polyuria), and water being excreted from the body

diabetes mellitus (DM)

chronic disease involving a disorder of carbohydrate metabolism characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia); caused by underactivity of the insulin- producing islets of Langerhans or poor cellular response to insulin. DM can lead to chronic renal disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy. In extreme cases the patient may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma.

gigantism

ondition brought about by hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary gland before puberty

Graves disease

autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the production of more thyroid hormone than the body needs (hyperthyroidism), goiter, and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeballs)

Hashimoto thyroiditis

disease in which thyroid gland cells are destroyed by autoimmune processes. Characterized by hypothyroidism and goiter; more common in females.

ketoacidosis

serious condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus in which acid ketones accumulate from fat metabolism in the absence of adequate insulin. If not promptly controlled by adequate insulin and hydration, can progress to coma and death.

metabolic syndrome

group of signs and symptoms including insulin resistance, obesity characterized by excessive fat around the area of the waist and abdomen, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, and low levels of HDL, the "good" cholesterol. Risks include development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, or stroke. (also called syndrome X and insulin resistance syndrome)

myxedema

condition resulting from an extreme deficiency of the thyroid hormone thyroxine; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult. Signs include puffiness of the face and hands, coarse and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, and anemia.

neuroblastoma

malignant cancer that often starts in the adrenal medulla; composed of immature nerve cells. Primarily affects children.

obesity

excess of body fat, which increases body weight; a condition in which body mass

index (BMI) is greater than 30 kg/m². Overweight is defined as BMI between

25 and 29.9 kg/m²

.

pheochromocytoma

tumor of the adrenal medulla, which is usually nonmalignant and characterized by hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, and abdominal pain. Surgical removal of the tumor is the most common treatment. Though usually curable with early detection, it can be fatal if untreated.

thyrotoxicosis

condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones