Lecture 5 - Thoracic & Pelvic Distal Limb Arthrology, Tendons, & Ligaments - Pimentel

from the carpus/tarsus down

What is referred to as the distal limb?

hinge

The radiocarpal joint is a _____ joint

plane

The intercarpal joint is a _____ joint

hinge

The midcarpal joint is a _____ joint

plane

The carpometacarpal joint is a _____ joint

radiocarpal

The _____ joint is the radius/proximal carpal row

independent; shared

The sinovial capsule of the radiocarpal joint is/are _____, while the inter, mediocarpea, and carpometacarpal joint are _____

metacarpophalangeal joint

-Fetlock

-Hinge joint

-Great range of movement

-Colateral ligaments

proximal interphalangeal joint

-Pastern

-Saddle joint

-Colateral ligaments

distal interphalangeal joint

-Coffin

-Saddle joint

-Colateral ligaments

compound

The metacarpophalangeal joint (fetlock) is a _____ hinge joint

small; large

The metacarpophalangeal joint has a [small/large] dorsal recess and [small/large] palmar recess

medial epicondyle of the humerus and radius

Origin of superficial digital flexor

flexor surfaces of proximal and middle phalanges

Insertion of superficial digital flexor

ulnar

What nerve is associated with the superficial digital flexor?

1. Flex the digit (proximal interphalangeal joint) and carpus

2. Extend the elbow joint

Action of superficial digital flexor

medial epicondyle of the humerus

Origin of humeral head of deep digital flexor

olecranon

Origin of ulnar head of deep digital flexor

radius

Origin of radial head of deep digital flexor

flexor surface of the distal phalanx

Insertion of deep digital flexor

median & ulnar nerves

What nerves are associated with the deep digital flexor?

1. Flex the digit and carpus

2. Extend the elbow joint

Action of deep digital flexor

check

The palmar tendons and accessory ligaments are _____ ligaments

check

Proximal and distal accessory ligaments are _____ ligaments

tendinous

The medius interosseous muscle is _____ in equine

stay apparatus

Interosseous or suspensory ligaments are important parts of the _____

intersesamoidean

The palmar ligament is also known as the _____ ligament

distal navicular

The impair sesamoid ligament is also known as the _____ ligament

desamoid

There are _____ ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints

1. Intersesamoidean

2. Collateral sesamoid ligaments (L&M)

3. Short sesamoid ligaments

4. Impair sesamoid ligament

What are the 4 sesamoid ligaments of the metacarpophalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints ?

proximal accessory (check)

In the pelvic limb, the _____ ligament is absent. The function is supplied by the insertion of the tendon in the calcanean tuber.

distal accessory (check)

In the pelvic limb, the _____ ligament is thinner and sometimes absent

calcanean tuber

In the pelvic limb, the SDF tendon attaches to the _____ and then continues distally with similar insertion in the digit

sustentaculum tali

DDF tendon slides over the _____ of the calcaneus in the pelvic limb

radius; metacarpal

The carpus is located between the distal part of the _____ and proximal part off the _____ bones

fibrous

The _____ capsule holds the entire carpus in place

individual

The radiocarpal joint has an _____ synovial capsule

proximal & distal rows

The mediocarpal joint is located between the _____ of the carpus

intercarpal

The mediocarpal and carpometacarpal joints are connected by the _____ joint

less

The carpometacarpal has [more/less] movement than the mediocarpal or radiocarpal joints

collateral ligaments (medial & lateral)

Every joint that flexes and extends needs _____

palmar recess/pouch

There is a large _____ associated with the metacarpophalangeal joint that provides an easy access to the inside of the joint

metacarpal bone III

What is the dorsal boundary of the palmar recess/pouch?

interosseus ligament

What is the palmar boundary of the palmar recess/pouch?

proximal sesamoid bones

What is the distal boundary of the palmar recess/pouch?

heads of metacarpal bones II & IV ("buttons" of splint bones)

What is the proximal boundary of the palmar recess/pouch?

tendons

If we remove the skin and subcutaneous tissue, we reach _____

accessory ligament

What is a key feature of the superficial and deep digital flexors?

superficial digital flexor

The tendon of the _____ reaches the distal part of the proximal phalanx and most proximal portion of the middle phalanx

distal phalanx

The deep digital flexor reach the palmar surface of the _____

flexor manica (manica flexoria)

A "tunnel" that allows the deep digital flexor tendon to pass through the superficial digital flexor tendon to get to the distal phalanx

groove

A scutum is a _____

proximal

The _____ scutum is in the same area as the proximal sesamoid bones

middle scutum

In the distal part of the proximal phalanx, there is a fibro-cartilaginous structure known as the _____

navicular bone

The distal scutum is found over the _____ and allows the deep digital flexor tendon to glide

slide

The proximal, middle, and distal scutum are fibro-cartilaginous plates that allow the palmar tendons to _____

doesnt have muscle fibers

In horses, the medius interosseous muscle is tendinous. What does that mean?

distal

The suspensory ligament is important in the _____ part of the stay apparatus

proximal sesamoid bones

The extensor branches of the interosseus/suspensory ligament move from the palmar surface dorsally, after passing the abaxial surface of the _____

common digital extensor tendon

The extensor branches of the interosseus/suspensory ligament fuse with the fibers of the _____

proximal

Distal sesamoid ligaments are attached to the _____ sesamoid bones

straight ligament

What is the most superficial distal sesamoid ligament?

straight

The _____ distal sesamoid ligament runs from the base of the proximal sesamoid bones to the most proximal part of the middle phalanx

oblique

The _____ distal sesamoid ligament runs from the base of the sesamoid bones to the middle part of the proximal phalanx, forming a "V"

cruciate

The _____ distal sesamoid ligament come from the base of the proximal sesamoid bones and cross, forming an "X"

interosseus ligament

The distal sesamoid ligaments are the continuation of the _____

inside

The ungular cartilage ligaments is normally found on the [inside/outside] of he hoof

true

T/F - We have 1 ungular cartilage ligament per phalanx

chondrocompedalis

From the cartilage to the proximal phalanx, we have the _____ ligament

chondrocoronalis

From the cartilage to the middle phalanx, we have the _____ ligament

chondroungularis

From the cartilage to the distal phalanx, we have the _____ ligament

short; strong; inside

The ungular cartilage ligaments are very [long/short], [weak/strong], and are found [inside/outside] the hoof

intersesamoidean ligament

Between the 2 proximal sesamoid bones, holding them togeteher, we have a palmar ligament known as the _____

collateral sesamoid

The _____ ligament looks like a lateral "V" (laterally & medially) and joins the sesamoid bone to the metacarpal bone and the sesamoid bone to the proximal phalanx

short sesamoid

Deep to the straight, oblique, and cruciate ligaments, we have the _____ ligaments. They stem from the sesamoid bones to the most proximal part of the proximal phalanx.

navicular bone

The collateral and impair sesamoid ligaments are associated with what structure?

collateral sesamoid

From the most lateral part of the distal sesamoid bone, we have a _______ ligament

suspensory navicular

The collateral sesamoid ligament is also called the _____ ligament

proximal phalanx

The collateral/suspensory navicular ligament joins the distal sesamoid bones to the _____

impair sesamoid/distal navicular ligament

Short but strong ligament that holds the navicular bone with the distal phalanx

sagittal

The best way to see the impair sesamoid ligament is by cutting a _____ section

navicular bursa

The distal scutum is closely related to the _____

retinacula

Ligaments that hold tendons in place

extensor

The [extensor/flexor] retinaculum is found in the dorsal surface of the carpus

palmar

The flexor retinaculum is found on the _____ surface

carpal tunnel

The flexor retinaculum is important because it is closely related to the path of the superficial and deep flexor tendons known as the _____