CHN 2

Community Assessment

The process of collecting data on three categories of community health - determinants, people, place, and social system.

Health P.A.T.C.H

Planned Approach To Community Health, the purpose for which data collected in community assessment will be used.

Primary Data Source

The tools used for collecting data in community assessment, including observation, survey, informant interviews, and community forums.

Secondary Data Source

Health records and reports, such as the Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS), used for priority setting, planning, decision making, and monitoring health program implementation.

Problem-Oriented Assessment

A focused approach to community assessment that identifies specific health problems and concerns.

Family as the Unit of Service

The definition of a family as a group of persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption who share resources, social responsibilities, and privileges.

Demographic Data

Information collected about age, sex, civil status, religion, and head of the family in a community.

Family Type Based on Authority

Different types of families based on who makes decisions, such as patriarchal, matriarchal, egalitarian, democratic, autocratic, matricentric, and patricentric.

Family Type Based on Residence

Different types of families based on residence, such as patrilocal and matrilocal families.

Types of Family in the Community

Different types of families found in the community, including nuclear, extended, single-parent, binuclear/blended/reconstituted, step, compound, cohabiting, dyad, homosexual, communal, and no-kin families.

Educational Status

The educational status of each family member, including degree holders/college graduates, currently studying, had stopped studying, and no formal education.

Ethnic Background

Refers to selected cultural and physical characteristics used to categorize people into groups, such as indigents or those with special needs.

Demographic Data

Additional demographic data collected, including primary dialect spoken, patterns of migration, disadvantaged people, population density, and population projection.

Urban-Rural Index

Determines what percent of the community is considered urban or rural based on specific criteria.

Occupational Status

The present status of occupation, including employed, unemployed, self-employed, underemployed, and retired.

Economic Aspect

Includes combined family monthly income, monthly family expenditure, livelihood, and priority expenditure.

Political/Leadership Aspect

Includes barangay officials, religious leaders, elders, and recognized informal leaders.

Environmental Aspect

Includes ownership of the house (owned, rented, lease to own, rent-free) and types of materials used for the house.

Light

Refers to materials such as bamboo, nipa, sawali, coconut leaves, or cardboard used in construction.

Strong

Refers to predominantly concrete houses.

Mixed

Refers to a combination of light materials, wood, and/or concrete in construction.

Lighting Facilities

Artificial means of providing light/illumination, such as electricity, kerosene, candles, or none.

Types of Excreta Disposal:

Level I:

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No water necessary to wash waste into receiving space, e.g., pit latrines, bored-hole latrine.

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Small amount of water used to wash waste into receiving space, e.g., pour flush toilet, aqua privies.

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Excreta collected in a pail or box and disposed of later when filled.

Open Pit Privy/Latrine

A pit covered by a platform with a hole, usually not covered.

Closed Pit Privy/Latrine

A pit privy with a cover over the hole.

Types of Pit:

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A pit with a vent pipe.

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A pit completely displaced from the superstructure and connected to the squatting plate by a curved chute.

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An elevated toilet house with a shallow pit extended upwards to the platform by means of a chute or pipe.

Bored-Hole Latrine

A deep and narrow hole made with boring equipment.

Overhung Latrine

A toilet house constructed over a body of water, allowing excreta to fall freely.

Level II

On-site toilet facilities with water-sealed and flush type with septic vault/tank disposal.

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Waste disposed by flushing water into a public sewerage system or individual septic tank.

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Water-sealed toilet bowl replaces the simple platform hole in Antipolo type, bored-hole latrine, or any pit privy (+) septic tank.

Level III

Water carriage types of toilet facilities connected to septic tanks and/or sewerage system for treatment.

Types of Water Facilities:

Level 1 (Point Source)

Protected well or developed spring without a distribution system, serving 15-25 households within 250m.

Level II (Communal Faucet or Stand Posts)

Source, reservoir, piped distribution network, and communal faucets, serving 4-6 households per faucet.

Level III (Individual House Connections or Waterworks System)

Source, reservoir, piped distributor network, and household taps, fit for densely populated urban communities.

Sewerage System:

Blind Drainage

Waste water flows through closed pipes to an underground pit or covered canal.

Open Drainage

Waste water flows through pipes to an open pit canal.

None

No drainage system or container used for garbage, waste water flows directly to the ground.

Types of Waste Disposal:

Hog Feeding

Garbage used as hog feed.

Open Dumping

Refuse and/or garbage piled in a dumping place without soil covering.

Open Burning

Uncontrolled burning of refuse/garbage for yard and street sweeping.

Burial Pit

Refuse/garbage placed in a pit and covered when filled up, not intended for later use as fertilizer.

Composting

Stacking organic refuse/garbage and treated soil in alternating layers to hasten decomposition into compost.

Garbage Collection

Refuse/garbage collected by garbage truck or community collection.

Types of Waste Management:

Recycling

Converting waste material for future reuse.

Reusing

Using something again, often for a different purpose, as an alternative to throwing it out.

Source of Drinking Water:

Commercially Prepared Water

Bottled water treated with purification techniques bought at supermarkets, groceries, and convenience stores.

Local Water System

Faucet or gripo connected to a water distribution system.

Artesian Well

Poso, a point source of water supply.

Deep Well

Artificial excavation or structure for withdrawing water from underground.

Surface Water

Derived from streams and rivers, subject to seasonal availability and contamination if untreated.

Ground Water

Water from walls and springs, with contamination at the point of seepage.

Rainwater

Free from impurities, but contamination may occur during collection and storage.

Method of Sanitizing Water:

Boiling

Safest and purest method, water should be boiled for at least 3 minutes to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

Filtration

Separating solid particles from liquid using common household filters before boiling or disinfecting.

Sedimentation

Allowing impurities in water to settle at the bottom of a container before pouring the top part into a new clean container.

Coagulation/Flocculation

Using aluminum crystal (tawas) to collect or absorb particles from liquid, resulting in clear water after standing for 6-8 hours.

Chlorination

Adding concentrated chlorine to water to disinfect it, with specific instructions for preparing stock solution and chlorinated water.

Aeration

Exposing drinking water to air to improve taste, used in areas with less pollution.

Buying Commercially Prepared Water

Purchasing water that has been treated and purified.

Food Preparation

Refers to methods of preparing food, such as frying, steaming, grilling, boiling, and sautéing.

Authority Consulted During Illness

Individuals with formal or informal health training, such as doctors, albularyo, hilot, etc., who are consulted during illness.

Perception of a Healthy Person

The community's perception of what constitutes a healthy person, such as being free from illness, being well-nourished, and energetic.

Perception of Causes of Illness

The community's knowledge, perception, or misconceptions about what causes illness, including supernatural beliefs.

Presence, Awareness, and Utilization of Community Health Programs

Description of existing health programs and services in the community, along with community awareness and utilization of these programs.

Method of Family Planning Used

Natural or artificial methods of family planning used by families within the reproductive age range.

Nutritional Status of 0-6 Years Old

Weighing children in the age group to assess their nutritional status and identify malnutrition.

Immunization Status

Assessing the immunization status of children aged 0-12 months and 1-5 years old, specifying the vaccines and number of doses received.

Categories of Health Manpower Available

Number and types of health professionals serving the community, including nurses, doctors, midwives, dentists, medical technicians, BNS/BHWs, and trained hilots.

Geographical Distribution of

Field Health Service Information System (FHSIS)

A network of information designed to provide data for monitoring health program activities at all levels of government.

Objective of FHSIS

To provide summary data on health service delivery and program accomplishment indicators, facilitate program monitoring and evaluation, and minimize recording and reporting burden.

Importance of FHSIS

Helps determine public health priorities, monitor program implementation, support planning and decision making, detect disease outbreaks, monitor community health status, and document healthcare activities.

Components of FHSIS

Individual Treatment Record (ITR), Target Client List (TCL), Summary Table, and Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT).

DOH Innovation

LGU-Based Electronic FHSIS (e-FHSIS) implemented nationwide since 2011.

Programs covered by FHSIS

Maternal and Child (MCH), Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), Control of Diarrheal Diseases (CDD), Nutrition, Family Planning, Maternal Care, Tuberculosis, Malaria, Schistosomiasis, Leprosy Control, Dental Health, and Environmental Health.

Individual Treatment Record (ITR)

Fundamental document recording patient information, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and dates.

Target Client List (TCL)

Lists for planning and monitoring patient care and service delivery, categorized by prenatal care, post-partum care, under 1-year-old children, family planning, sick children, NTP TB Register, and National Leprosy Control Program Form 2-Central Registration Form.

Summary Table

Facility-level form with 12-month columns for recording health program accomplishments and morbidity diseases.

Monthly Consolidation Table (MCT)

Essential form for recording reported data per indicator by each midwife or BHS, used as the source document for the Quarterly Form.

FHSIS Reporting

Summary data transmitted on a monthly, quarterly, and annual basis, including Program Report (M1), Morbidity Report (M2), Program Report (Q1), Morbidity Report (Q2), and Annual Forms (A-BHS, A1, A2 & A3).