NSB131/132 - Important Drugs

metoprolol action

beta-blocker

metoprolol indication

hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, arrhythmias

metoprolol adverse reactions

bradycardia, hypotension, fatigue, dizziness

metoprolol contraindications

severe bradycardia, heart block

metoprolol special considerations

monitor BP & HR, do not stop abruptly

prazosin action

alpha blocker, relaxes blood vessels and smooth muscle

prazosin indication

hypertension, BPH

prazosin adverse reactions

hypotension, dizziness, headache

prazosin contraindications

hypersensitivity

prazosin special considerations

monitor BP, stop if no improvement after 4-6 weeks

esomeprazole action

reduces gastric acid secretion by binding to the hydrogen/potassium proton pump

esomeprazole indication

GORD relief

esomeprazole adverse reactions

headache, nausea, diarrhea

esomeprazole contraindications

Hypersensitivity to omeprazole or esomeprazole

esomeprazole special considerations

assess use regularly, monitor vitamin B12 levels

amoxicillin action

interfere with baterial cell wall synthesis

amoxicillin indication

antibacterial

amoxicillin adverse reactions

darrhoea, nausea

amoxicillin contraindications

penicillin hypersensitivity

amoxicillin special considerations

complete the course & hypersensitivity

prednisone action

suppresses inflammation and immune response

prednisone indication

anti-inflammatory

prednisone adverse reaction

infection, fluid retention, hyperglycemia

prednisone contraindications

systemic fungal infections

prednisone special considerations

measure BGL

metoclopramide action

increases gastric motility

metoclopramide indication

nausea, vomiting, gastroparesis

metoclopramide adverse reactions

drowsiness, dizziness, headache

metoclopramide contraindications

GI obstruction, perforation

metoclopramide considerations

use short term only

galantamine action

decrease breakdown of ACh

galantamine indication

alzheimer's disease

galantamine adverse reactions

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, anorexia

galantamine contraindications

hepatic impairment, GI obstruction, peptic ulcer

galantamine special considerations

causes drowsiness or dizziness

diazepam action

enhance GABA effects

diazepam indication

anxiety, muscle spasms, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal

diazepam adverse reactions

Drowsiness, sedation, confusion

diazepam contraindications

Severe respiratory insufficiency & myasthenia gravis.

diazepam special considerations

Risk of dependence, falls, and withdrawal symptoms.

digoxin action

slows heart rate and strengthens contractility

digoxin indication

heart failure and AF.

digoxin adverse reactions

Bradycardia, nausea, visual disturbances

digoxin contraindications

ventricular fibrillation

digoxin special considerations

monitor toxicity

captopril action

ACE inhibitor

captopril indication

hypertension and heart failure

captopril adverse reactions

cough, hypotension, hyperkalaemia, dizziness

captopril contraindications

Pregnancy, history of ACE inhibitor-induced angioedema.

captopril special considerations

do not take potassium supplements

metformin indication

T2DM

metformin action

reduce glucose production & increase peripheral utilisation of glucose

metformin adverse reactions

nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting

metformin contraindications

severe renal impairment

metformin special considerations

monitor renal function

isosorbide mononitrate action

vasodilation & reduce myocardial oxygen requirement

isosorbide mononitrate indication

angina prevention

isosorbide mononitrate adverse reactions

headache, hypotension, flushing

isosorbide mononitrate contraindications

hypovolaemia, hyoptension, raised intracranial pressure

isosorbide mononitrate special considerations

monitor BP

haloperidol indication

antipsychotic used for psychosis, agitation, and delirium

haloperidol action

blocks dopamine receptors.

haloperidol adverse reactions

tachycardia, orsthatic hypotension, blurred vision

haloperidol contraindications

parkinson's disease or severe cns depression

haloperidol special considerations

monitor for extrapyramidal symptoms when running long doses

warfarin indication

anticoagulant to prevent thromboembolisms

warfarin action

inhibits k clotting factor synthesis

warfarin adverse reactions

bleeding, haemorrhage

warfarin contraindications

active bleeding, alcoholism

warfarin special considerations

monitor INR (time to clot)

paracetamol indication

fever, pain

paracetamol action

analgesia, antipyretic

paracetamol adverse reactions

hepatotoxicity

paracetamol contraindications

severe liver disease

paracetamol special considerations

restrict use to 4g per day

ibuprofen indication

arthritis, pain, fever

ibuprofen action

NSAID (anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic)

ibuprofen adverse reactions

nausea, GI ulceration, bleeding, diarrhorea

ibuprofen contraindications

active GI ulcer, renal impairment, heart failure

ibuprofen special considerations

monitor renal function

atenolol indication

hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction

atenolol action

beta blocker

atenolol adverse reactions

bradycardia, hypotension, worsening heart failure

atenolol contraindications

bradycardia, asthma

atenolol special considerations

can cause withdrawal symptoms, monitor BP

salbutamol indication

asthma, COPD

salbutamol action

stimulates beta 2 receptors, relaxing bronchial smooth muscle

salbutamol adverse reactions

tremor, palpitations, headache, hyperglycaemia

salbutamol contraindications

hypersensitivity

salbutamol special considerations

monitor lung function

timolol eye drops indication

glaucoma, ocular hypertension

timolol eye drops action

reduces aqueous humour production, lowering interocular pressure

timolol eye drops adverse reactions

eye irritation, blurred vision, bradycardia

timolol eye drops contraindications

asthma, bradyarrhythmia, heart failure

timolol eye drops special considerations

apply punctal occlusion shortly after administration

aspirin indication

antiplatelet, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory

aspirin action

inhibits prostglandin and thromboxane synthesis

aspirin adverse reactions

GI irritation, blood loss, increased bleeding time

aspirin contraindications

aspirin hypersensitivity, bleeding

aspirin special considerations

monitor for bleeding