NERVE PHYSIO

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Last updated 5:26 AM on 7/4/26
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39 Terms

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central nervous system
brain, spinal cord
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peripheral nervous system
extremities
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soma cell body
cytoplasm, nucleus
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axon hillock
in between soma and axon
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schwann cell
spceialized cells creating myelin sheath
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node of ranvier
gaps between myelin sheath
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axon
carries electrical signal
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dendrite
transmits signals to other cells
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purpose of myelin
insulates, preserves energy = faster transmission via saltatory conduction
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myelin composition
protein, phospholipids
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specialized cells in CNS
oligodendrocytes
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saltatory conduction
electric impulses go thru nodes
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unmyelated neurons
continuous depolarisation, slower
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resting potential
difference in charge between both sides of membrane when neuron not firing
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typical resting potential
inside neuron more negative,
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resting potential maintained by
NaK pump
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action potential process

  1. dendrites collect impulses from graded potentials

  2. impulses reach axon hillock (during resting potential). if it reaches threshold potential (-55 mv), Na+ channels open.

  3. membrane at resting potential initiates action potential

  4. depolarization: Na+ diffuses INTO channels, enters, nearby Na+ channels open

  5. repolarization: K+ channels open, K+ out

  6. hyperpolarization (K+ out) —> refractory period --> resting potential

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membrane protein active during resting potential
NaK pump
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neurotransmitters
released by pre synaptic neuron, response to depolarization of axon terminal
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inhibitory neurotransmitter example
GABA
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excitatory neurotransmitter example

GLUTAMATE, epinephrine, norepinephrine

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effect of excitatory neurotransmitter
cause depolarization, Na+ Ca+ channels open
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effect of inhibitory neurotransmitter
causes hyperpolarization, K+ Cl
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re/depolarizaiton stages
voltage gated ion channels active, Na+ in, K+ out
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resting potential stage
NaK pump active, Na+ out, K+ in
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transmission between synapse
chemical signaling
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depolarization
na out
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repolarization
k out
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synapse process (8)
action potential fires
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postsynaptic neuron is usually a _____
dendrite
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synapse
gaps between neurons
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graded potentials definition

  1. changes in membrane potential through excitatory/inhibitory neurotransmitters

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more depolarization than hyperpolarization
neuron fires bc depolarization makes it more positive
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more hyperpolarization than depolarization
neuron does not fire
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how is ach regenerated
acetate and choline bind with acetyl group
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why is the inside of a neuron negative during resting potential
presence of chlorine and amino acids
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Cell membrane more permeable to which ion:
K+
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resting potential stage
NaK pump active, Na+ out, K+ in
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graded vs. action potential

graded:

  1. happens in dendrite, soma

  2. includes (spacial/temporal) summation

  3. ONLY REPOLARIZATION OR HYPERPOLARIZATION CAN HAPPEN, no refractory period

action:

  1. happens in axon hillock, axon

  1. NO SUMMATION

  2. has refractory period

  3. includes depolarization