Necrosis, Osteomyelitis and other bone stuff

what is avascular necrosis?

death of bone due to lack of blood supply

what is the most common cause of avascular necrosis?

trauma

what is the second most common cause of avascular necrosis?

corticosteroids

what is preiser’s?

avascular necrosis of the scaphoid

what is kohler’s?

avascular necrosis of the navicular

what is keinboch’s?

avascular necrosis of the lunate

what is sever’s?

avascular necrosis of the calcaneus

what is scheuermann’s?

avascular necrosis of vertebral end plate epiphysis

what is the age of patients that may have scheurmann’s?

10-16

what is the presentation of scheurmann’s?

young patient presents with back pain, rounding shoulders, and increased kyphosis

what are the imaging findings associated with scheuermann’s?

slight loss of anterior body height of one or more vertebra

multiple endplate irregularities

disc height preserved

what is the management of scheuermann’s?

thoracolumbar brace, strengthen erectors and stretch the pecs

what can scheuermann’s disease les to?

permanent deformity and early DJD

what is legg calve perthes?

avascular necrosis of the femoral epiphysis

what population is legg calve perthes disease common?

boy age 4-9

what are the x-ray findings of legg calve perthes disease?

fragmentation of the femoral head, flattening of the femoral head, increased white density of femoral head, increased joint space

what does chronic osteomyelitis lead to?

Brodie abscess

what does osteomyelitis go through?

sequestrum, involucrum, cloaca

what is sequestrum?

dead necrotic center

what is involucrum?

new bone formation

what is a cloaca?

opening from bone to skin

opening in involcurum

what is a colles fracture?

fracture of the distal radius with posterior displacement of the distal fragment

what is a smith’s fracture?

fracture of distal radius with anterior displacement of distal fragment

what is osgood schlatter’s?

seen in adolscent boys typicall 10-16, pinpoint pain and swelling at tibial tuberosity

what are beau’s lines?

transverse depression in the nail indicating acute/severe illness

what is clubbing nails seen with?

hypoxia due to long standing lung conditions

what is paronychia?

inflammation of the nail bed

what is the most common cause of paronychia?

herpes

what doe splinter hemorrhages indicate?

subacute bacterial endocarditis

what are spoon nails?

concave curvature of the nails

what do spoon nails indicate?

iron deficiency anemia