PASSIVE VOICES

Động từ think/believe/say/report có mấy cách chuyển sang bị động?

Cấu trúc: S1 + V1 + That + S2 +V2+…

2 cách: It + be + V1 (bị động) + that + S2 + V2+…;

S2 + be + V1 (bị động) + to V / to have V3

People believe that Tom is honest.

It is believed that Tom is honest.\nTom is believed to be honest.

People say that she lives in London.

It is said that she lives in London.\nShe is said to live in London.

People report that the fire has been put out.

It is reported that the fire has been put out.\nThe fire is reported to have been put out.

People thought that he had stolen the money.

It was thought that he had stolen the money.\nHe was thought to have stolen the money.

Khi nào dùng "to V" sau cấu trúc S2 + be + V1 (bị động) …?

Nếu V2 và V1 cùng thì.

Khi nào dùng "to have + V3"?

Nếu V2 và V1 khác thì.

People believe that the Earth moves around the Sun.

The Earth is believed to move around the Sun.

People believed that she had left the country.

She was believed to have left the country.

People consider him a genius.

He is considered to be a genius.

People know that she works very hard.

She is known to work very hard.

People suppose that he is innocent.

He is supposed to be innocent.

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

We heard her sing beautifully.

She was heard to sing beautifully.

They watched the boy climb the tree.

The boy was watched to climb the tree.

S + (See/Hear/Watch/…)+ O + V(bare) → Bị động?

S + be + V3 + to V.

I saw him crossing the road.

He was seen crossing the road.

We heard the baby crying.

The baby was heard crying.

They watched the children playing football.

The children were watched playing football.

S+ (See/Hear/Watch/…)+ O + V-ing → Bị động?

S + be + V3 + V-ing.

The teacher made us clean the classroom.

We were made to clean the classroom by the teacher.

My parents made me study every night.

I was made to study every night by my parents.

S + MAKE + O + V(bare) → Bị động?

S + be + made + to V.

My parents don't let me stay out late.

I am not allowed to stay out late.

The teacher didn't let us leave early.

We weren't allowed to leave early.

S + LET + O + V(bare) → Bị động?

S + be + allowed/permitted + to V.

They began to build the bridge.

The bridge began to be built.

They continued to repair the road.

The road continued to be repaired.

S + V + to V + O → Bị động?

S + V + to be + V3.

He expected his family to meet him.

He expected to be met by his family.

He expected someone to repair his computer.

He expected his computer to be repaired.

S + V + O1 + TO + V + O2 (Nếu S = O2) → Bị động?

S + V + TO BE + V3 + BY + O1.\nVí dụ: He expected his family to pick him up at the airport.\n→ He expected to be picked up at the airport by his family.

He expected his family to pick him up at the airport.

He expected to be picked up at the airport by his family.

S + V + O1 + TO + V + O2 (Nếu S ≠ O2) → Bị động?

S + V + O2 + TO BE + V3 (+ BY + O1).\nVí dụ: He expected someone to repair his computer.\n→ He expected his computer to be repaired.

He expected someone to repair his computer.

He expected his computer to be repaired.

S + V + O1 + V-ing + O (Nếu S = O2) → Bị động?

S + V + BEING + V3 + BY + O1.\nVí dụ: He hates people speaking well of him.\n→ He hates being spoken well of.

He hates people speaking well of him.

He hates being spoken well of.

S + V + O1 + V-ing + O2 (Nếu S ≠ O2) → Bị động?

S + V + O2 + BEING + V3 + BY + O1.\nVí dụ: He hates non-professional people criticizing his work.\n→ He hates his work being criticized by non-professional people.

He hates non-professional people criticizing his work.

He hates his work being criticized by non-professional people.

Cấu trúc nhờ bảo (Have) chủ động?

S + HAVE + SB + V(bare)\nHoặc\nS + HAVE + ST + V3

Cấu trúc nhờ bảo (Get) chủ động?

S + GET + SB + TO V\nHoặc\nS + GET + ST + V3

The painter finished my father's portrait yesterday.

My father had the painter finish his portrait yesterday.\nMy father had his portrait finished by the painter yesterday.

She is having her sister clean the door.

She is getting her sister to clean the door.\nShe is getting the door cleaned by her sister.

Câu mệnh lệnh → Bị động?

S + Should/Must (Not) + be + V3.\nVí dụ: Turn off the lights.\n→ The lights should/must be turned off.

Turn off the lights before you go to bed.

The lights should (must) be turned off before you go to bed.

Let + O + V → Bị động?

Let + O + be + V3.\nVí dụ: Let your name be written on the top of this paper.

It's one's duty to V → Bị động?

S + BE + SUPPOSED + TO V.\nVí dụ: It's everyone's duty to keep the environment clean.\n→ Everyone is supposed to keep the environment clean.

It's everyone's duty to keep the environment clean.

Everyone is supposed to keep the environment clean.

It's possible to V + O → Bị động?

S + CAN/COULD + BE + V3.\nVí dụ: It is possible to type the letter now.\n→ The letter can be typed now.

It is possible to type the letter now.

The letter can be typed now.

It was impossible to V + O → Bị động?

S + CAN/COULD (NOT) + BE + V3.\nVí dụ: It was impossible to start the machine by electricity then.\n→ The machine couldn't be started by electricity then.

It was impossible to start the machine by electricity then.

The machine couldn't be started by electricity then.

Suggest/Recommend/Order/Require/Request/Demand + that + S + V(bare) → Bị động?

It + BE + V3 + that + O + (should) be + V3.

He suggested that we organize a warm party.

It was suggested that a warm party (should) be organized.

Need + to V → Bị động?

S + NEED + V-ing = S + NEED + TO BE + V3.

She needs to type the report.

The report needs typing.\n= The report needs to be typed.

Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.

Our teacher wants our lessons to be prepared carefully.

They expected me to finish the report.

I was expected to finish the report.\nHoặc: The report was expected to be finished by me.