Women in Chesapeake & New England Colonies

What was the gender ratio in New England during the colonial period?

Three-quarters male population, but there was a steady improvement in the female population through the 17th century.

What was the life expectancy for white men in colonial New England?

Approximately 40 years.

What percentage of children died in infancy in colonial New England?

1 out of 4 children.

What were the main causes of high child mortality rates in colonial New England?

Hygiene and disease.

How did Puritanism influence women's roles in colonial New England?

It established male authority and female inferiority, with names representing households and strict expectations for women.

What characterized family and marriage patterns in the Chesapeake region?

A balanced sex ratio, with most men married and typical families having 6-8 children.

What led to population growth in the Chesapeake region during the colonial period?

Early high birth rates, although later stricter parenting led to fewer pregnancies and slower growth.

What was the common practice regarding premarital pregnancy in the Chesapeake region?

Premarital pregnancy was common, especially among indentured servants and unstable families.

What were the consequences for indentured servants who became pregnant?

They faced punishments such as fines, whippings, extra time on their contract, or loss of the child.

What was the impact of high mortality rates on families in the Chesapeake?

Nearly 50% of parents were lost by age nine, and 60% by age thirteen.

How did women's roles differ between married women and widows in the Chesapeake?

Political power dynamics were influenced by marital status, with widows often having different societal roles.

What was a significant change in women's roles by the 18th century?

Women's roles evolved, reflecting changes in family structure and societal expectations.