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What has the growth of Computer Mediated Relationships (CMCs) effected?
The amount of self-disclosure that people are prepared to engage when compared to face-to-face (FtF) relationships
What is the reduced cues theory (1989)?
People are less likely to self-disclose online because of Deindividuation (anonymity)
Deindividuation is created by the lack of cues that re normally present in FtF relationships.
These might include facial expression and body language as well as the tone and intonation in the voice - non-verbal cues - physical appearance and emotionally state
Deindividuation leads to disinhibited behaviour which means that for some the approach is much more direct and blunter
This may cause a reluctance to disclose in others because they do not want to give out personal information to someone who is impersonal and shows a lack of tact
This may make CMC less effective than FtF relationships
What is the Hyperpersonal Model - Walther (1996, 2011)?
As self-disclosure in online relationships happens earlier than in face-in-face ones, relationships quickly become more intense and feel more intimate and meaningful
Walther also suggests that virtual relationships may feel more intimate because it is easier to manipulate self-disclosure online than face-to-face
Participants in online conversation have more time to ‘edit’ their responses to present themselves in a more positive light; Walther calls this ‘selective self-presentation’: projecting a positive image will then make an online partner want to disclose more personal information, increasing the intensity of the relationship
More personal and involve greater self-disclosure
Hyper honest or hyper dishonest
What are the two features of the hyperpersonal model?
The sender of a message has greater control over what to disclose and the cues they send (selective self-presentation) - self disclosure therefore can be hyper honest or hyper dishonest
The receiver gains a positive impression of the sender
What is an obstacle to a relationship forming?
Gates
What are highly gated and why?
FtF relationships are believed to be highly gated because there are many features that can interfere with a relationship formation and development (physical attractiveness, the person’s voice/accent and social anxiety)
What has no gating and what does that lead to?
CMCs do not have gating. This allows self-disclosure to run at a high pace being deeper and more frequent than FtF relationships.
On-line relationships allow the relationship to ‘get off the ground’ much more easily than FtF relationships so momentum is built into the process and so it is more likely to form and be maintained
