NASAL BONES - ZYGOMA

nasal bones

are two small, thin bones which form the superior bony wall (called the bridge of the nose) of the nasal cavity.

bridge of the nose

nasal bones are two small, thin bones which form the superior bony wall (called the _______) of the nasal cavity

MSP // with the tabletop

IPL ⊥ to the tabletop

IOML // to the transverse axis of the IR

NASAL BONES(R or L Position) LATERAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW (for two exposures on one IR) or 2 ½ x 3” occlusal film for each

LP?

Perpendicular

to the bridge of the nose at a point ½” (1.3 cm) distal to the nasion.

NASAL BONES(R or L Position) LATERAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW (for two exposures on one IR) or 2 ½ x 3” occlusal film for each

CP:

RP:

frontonasal region

nasion

NASAL BONES(R or L Position) LATERAL PROJECTION

IR PLACEMENT: When using an 8x10” IR, slide the unmasked half of the lR under the _____ and center it to the ____. This centering allows space for the identification marker to be projected across the upper part of the IR.

¾” above the supraorbital ridge

NASAL BONES(R or L Position) LATERAL PROJECTION

FILM PLACEMENT:

Adjust the film packet so that the pebbled surface faces and is parallel with the MSP and so that its upper border projects

glabelloalveolar line

NASAL BONES TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

The success of this projection depend on the following

directing the central ray along the _____ perpendicular to the plane of the IR.

MSP ⊥to the plane of the IR.

Adjust the inclination of the IR so that its plane is ⊥to the glabelloalveolar line (GAL)

NASAL BONES TANGENTIAL PROJECTION Extraoral IR

IR: 8x10” IR placed CW under the chin

LP:?

Parallel

to glabelloalveolar line and perpendicular to the plane of the IR

NASAL BONES TANGENTIAL PROJECTION Extraoral IR

IR: 8x10” IR placed CW under the chin

PP: Elevate the side of the IR adjacent to the patient on a small sandbag or a folded towel. Rest the patient's head on the fully extended chin, and center the IR to the MSP just anterior to the chin.

LP: MSP ⊥to the plane of the IR. Adjust the inclination of the IR so that its plane is ⊥to the glabelloalveolar line (GAL)

CR/RP:?

occlusal film

The use of ____ is recommended because of the reduced object-to-image receptor distance (OID).

Parallel

to GAL and perpendicular to the plane of the IR.

NASAL BONES TANGENTIAL PROJECTION Intraoral IR

IR: 2 ¼ x 3” occlusal filmheld between the anterior teeth

CR/RP: ?

tangential projection

Because the nasal bones do not have sufficient body to cast a shadow through the dense superjacent and subjacent structures, the ____ cannot be used successfully in children or in adults who have very short nasal bones, a concave face, or protruding upper teeth.

Convex

Concave

Straight

zygomatic bones

form the prominence of the cheeks and a part of the side wall and floor of the orbital cavities

zygomatic arch

A posteriorly extending temporal process unites with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone to form the

MSP ⊥ to the plane of the IR.

IOML is as nearly // with the plane of the IR as possible

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES SUBMENTOVERTICAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW

LP:?

Perpendicular

to the IOML and entering the MSP of the throat at a level approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) posterior to the outer canthi.

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES SUBMENTOVERTICAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW

LP: MSP ⊥ to the plane of the IR.

IOML is as nearly // with the plane of the IR as possible

CR/RP:?

MSP ⊥ to the plane of the IR.

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL PROJECTION MODIFIED TITTERINGTON METHOD

IR: 8x10” CW

LP:?

23 to 38 degrees caudad

Enters the vertex midway between the zygomatic arches.

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL PROJECTION MODIFIED TITTERINGTON METHOD

IR: 8x10” CW

LP: MSP ⊥ to the plane of the IR.

CR:?

RP:?

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL PROJECTION MODIFIED TITTERINGTON METHOD

Zygomatic arches are well shown in this projection. The image presented is similar in appearance to the parietoacanthial projection (Waters Method)

IOML is as // with the plane of the IR as possible.

Rotate the MSP of the head ~15 degrees toward the side being examined and

tilt the top of the head ~15 degrees away from the side being examined

ZYGOMATIC ARCH TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” LW

LP:?

Perpendicular

to the IOML and entering the MSP of the throat at a level approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) posterior to the outer canthi

ZYGOMATIC ARCH TANGENTIAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” LW

LP: IOML is as // with the plane of the IR as possible.

Rotate the MSP of the head ~15 degrees toward the side being examined and

tilt the top of the head ~15 degrees away from the side being examined

CR/RP:

mandibular angles

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES AP AXIAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW

Center the cassette at the level of ___

MSP is perpendicular to the IR

OML is perpendicular to the IR

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES AP AXIAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW

LP:?

30 degrees caudad

Enters glabella, approximately 1 inch above the nasion

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES AP AXIAL PROJECTION

IR: 8x10” CW

LP: MSP is perpendicular to the IR

OML is perpendicular to the IR

CR/RP:

37 degrees caudad

or the patient unable to sufficiently flex the neck, adjust the IOML perpendicular with the film and direct the central ray

perpendicular

45 degrees

away

15 degrees

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION MODIFIED FUCHS METHOD

IR: 8x10” LW

Adjust the flexion of the neck so that the AML is ___ to the film. Rotate the MSP approximately ___, then tilt the top of the head ___ from the side being examined approximately ____.

MSP forms 45 degree to the IR.

AML is perpendicular to the IR.

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION MODIFIED FUCHS METHOD

IR: 8x10” LW

LP:?

35 degrees caudad

Enters most prominent point of the zygoma farthest from the IR

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION MODIFIED FUCHS METHOD

IR: 8x10” LW

LP: MSP forms 45 degree to the IR.

AML is perpendicular to the IR.

CR/RP:?

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES PA AXIAL OBLIQUE PROJECTION MODIFIED FUCHS METHOD

An oblique image of the uppermost zygomatic arch is shown, projected free of superimposition shadows. The lateral portion of the maxillary sinus is also well demonstrated.

IOML is as // with the plane of the IR as possible.

Rotate the MSP of the head ~15 degrees away from the side being examined

tilt the top of the head ~15 degrees away from the side being examined

ZYGOMATIC ARCH TANGENTIAL PROJECTION MAY METHOD

IR: MAY METHOD 8x10” CW for two exposures

LP:?

Perpendicular

to the IOML and through the zygomatic arch at a point approximately 1 ½ inches (3.8 cm) posterior to the outer canthus

ZYGOMATIC ARCH TANGENTIAL PROJECTION MAY METHOD

IR: MAY METHOD 8x10” CW for two exposures

LP: IOML is as // with the plane of the IR as possible.

Rotate the MSP of the head ~15 degrees away from the side being examined

tilt the top of the head ~15 degrees away from the side being examined

CR/RP:?

May Method

demonstrates the zygomatic arch free of superimposition. This projection is particularly useful with patients who have depressed fractures or flat cheekbones.

MSP ⊥to the plane of the IR.

OML ⊥to the plane of the IR.

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES AP AXIAL PROJECTION MODIFIED TOWNE METHOD

IR: 8x10” CW

LP:?

30 degrees caudad

Directed to enter the glabella approximately 1 inch (2.5 cm) above the nasion If the patient is unable to sufficiently flex the neck, adjust the IOML ⊥ with the IR and direct the central ray 37 degrees caudad.

ZYGOMATIC ARCHES AP AXIAL PROJECTION MODIFIED TOWNE METHOD

IR: 8x10” CW

LP: MSP ⊥to the plane of the IR.

OML ⊥to the plane of the IR.

CR/RP:?