ACID BASE EQUILIBRIA

Convert Ka to pKa and vice versa.

pKa = -log Ka

Ka = 10^-pKa

Convert [H+] to pH and vice versa. Convert [OH-] to pOH and vice versa.

pH = -log[H+]

[H+] = 10^-pH

pOH = -log[OH-]

[OH-] = 10^-pOH

What happens at maximum buffer capacity?

pH = pKa, [acid] = [conj base]

What is the buffer equation for acidic and alkaline buffer?

acidic — pH = pKa + lg [conj base]/[acid]

alkaline — pOH = pKb + lg [conj acid]/[base]

Shortcut to calculate [H+] of weak acid. When can you use this short cut and when can you not?

[H+] =\sqrt{Ka\cdot c} , where c is the initial concentration of the weak acid.

pH = -log[H+]

→ You can use this to find initial pH of weak acid, if they ask for pH

→ if they ask for Ka, you should use the longer method of ICE table

Define Arrhenius acid and base.

→ acid releases H+ when dissolved in water

→ base releases OH- when dissolved in water

Define Brønsted-Lowry acid and base.

→ acid is a proton donor

→ base is a proton acceptor

Define Lewis acid and base.

→ acid is a (lone) electron pair acceptor

→ base is a (lone) electron pair donor