PPL Everything

What is the category and class of your lisence?

Airplane, single engine, P28A

What privileges and limitations apply to a private pilot?

14 CFR 61.113 1. can't carry passengers or property for compensation 2. can't act as PIC for compensation 3. may fly for business if incidental 4. may not pay less than pro rata share of operating expenses fuel, oil, airport fees, or rental fees 5. may act as PIC for charitable, nonprofit, or community event 6. search and rescue reimbursed local, state, federal 7. may demonstrate aircraft to a prospective buyer if they are a salesman and have at least 200 hours 8. may tow glider if meet requirements (14 CFR 61.69) 9. light sport flight test meet requirements

What does "may not pay less than pro-rata share of the operating expenses of a flight mean"

Pro rata mean proportional.

What must a pilot have on hand? what must be on with you physically?

pilot certificate State/gov ID medical students bring logbooks

What can your passengers pay?

Pro Rata Share

When can you be compensated or reimbursed?

1. Splitting costs of flying with other people. Paying no less than the pro rata share 2. Aircraft salesperson May demonstrate in flight to buyer (200 hours total time) 3. May act as PIC of an airplane in connection with business if incidental 4. Charitable or non-profit flights

How many hours are needed to demo an airplane for sale?

At least 200 hours

What is a high-performance airplane?

More than 200HP

What is needed to fly a high performance or complex plane?

a. received and logged ground and flight training and found proficient b. received endorsement in logbook from authorized instructor Other than High-perf and complex

What is a complex airplane, and what are the req to act as PIC?

14 CFR 61.31 A complex airplane has retractable gear, flaps, and a controllable pitch propeller. including airplanes with (FADEC) digital engine control You must have: a. received and logged ground and flight training and found proficient b. received one-time endorsement in logbook

With respect to certification, privelges, and limitations of airmen; define Category, Class, and Type.

Category - broad classification of aircraft (airplane, rotorcraft, glider) Class - a classification of aircraft within a category having similar operating characteristics (single-engine land, multi-engine land) Type - a specific make and basic model of aircraft including modifications that do not change its handling or flight characteristics (DC-9, B-737, Cessna 152).

Changed permanent address, must be updated...

30 days after the date of the move.

How many hours are needed to fly for a charity?

500 hr

If your not night current, what is the latest time you can land?

59 minutes after sunset

Where can you change the name on your license (NOT THE FSDO) Where can I find the address?

on FAA.gov
Federal Aviation Administration
Airmen Certification Branch
P. O. Box 25082
Oklahoma City, OK 73125-0082

What are the requirements to keep your license current?

14 CFR 61.56 and 61.57 1. Flight review Logbook endorsement every 24 months 2. 3 takeoffs and landings past 90 days to carry passengers. 1. Needs to be in the same category and class 2. Tailwheel needs to be full stop 3. Must happen 1 hour after sunset/1 hour before sunrise for night time flights) 4. Could be done in an approved flight simulator

Who can give you a BFR?

Any CFI

What are your recency requirements to carry passengers? at night? in a tail dragger? significance of night and day?

3 takeoffs and landings in the previous 90 days in the same category, class, and type For night landings it must be done an hour after sunset and an hour before sunrise, and a full stop Tailwheel landings must be to a full stop Night landings will cover day landings, but day landings do not count towards night

What endorsements can you get? who can issue them?

-high-performance -complex -high-altitude -tailwheel authorized instructor High performance?

Does your license expire?

No

The piper Arrow is 200Hp, is it high preformance?

Engine has more than 200 HP, nope

If your flying with your friend in a single-engine, high-performance, complex airplane, but you don't have a HP and Complex endorsement, and your friend does and is PIC.... Can you log time for the time you act as a sole manipulator of the controls?

14 CFR 61.51 Yes, a pilot can log in time for which the pilot is a "sole manipulator of the controls of an aircraft for which the pilot is rated or has privileges"

What's the difference between being current and being Proficient

Current- pilot has accomplished the minimum FAA regulatory requirements within a specific time period so they an exercise the privileges of their certificate. (your legal but not proficient to make that flight) Proficient- means the pilot is capable of conducting a flight with a high degree of competence; it requires that the pilot must have a wide range of knowledge and skills. (smart and safe).

If your in a plane that has equipment your unfamiliar with, what should you do?

Keep in mind the possible risk potential and most likely switch or not fly

What is a large Aircraft?

More than 12,500 pounds, maximum certificated takeoff weight.

What airplanes need type ratings?

Large Aircraft (12,500 pounds) Turbo-Jet When specified by the manufacture

How long are the different medicals good for?

First- 40 or older: 6 months.........under 40: for 12 months Second- 12 months Third- 40 or older: 24 months...........Under 40: 60 months

where can you see a list of medical conditions that disqualify you from passing a medical

14 CFR Part 61 & 67

What if you lose your license or medical

14. CFR. 61.29 You should submit AC Form 8060-56 (PDF) to: FAA Aerospace Medical Certification Division, AAM-331 ATTN: Duplicate Desk Post Office Box 26200 Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73125

Who needs a first class medical?

airline transport pilot

Who needs a second class medical?

commercial pilot certificate holders

Who needs a third class medical?

Third Class is for Private / Recreational / Student Pilot Certificate

Second in command time

14 CFR 61.51

Do you need to log all flight times?

FAR 61.51 Pilots must log all flight time that is going to be counted as training towards a certificate or license Log currency Endorsements (all require specific training)

What 3 documents do you need to be legal to fly?

pilot certificate photo ID medical

Where must they be located (Airplane documents)? where is the weight and balance? Is it the one you made for the flight?

Must be visible to all passengers OU plane weight and balance can be found in the aircraft POH what is a Airworthiness

what conditions must be met?

Aircraft must confirm its type design and must be in a condition for safe operation

How does a pilot confirm that the aircraft type is approved and is in a safe condition for flight?

Type design- check aircraft maintenance records. Safe operation- preflight inspection

what should be checked to see if the owner has done all the inspections and airworthiness directives?

the owner or operator. Check the maintenance records

Pilot Responsibilities, what is their job on maintenance, what is preventative maintenance

PIC has the final authority on the airworthiness of the plane even though he/she may not be the owner

When does the registration expire?

14 CFR 47.31 47.40 All U.S. aircraft must be registered Temporary registration is good for 90 days. Ones issued in accordance to 14 CFR 47.31 expires three years after the last day of the month in which it was issued.

7 ways the validity can end?

1. Registration is canceled by the owner 2. Aircraft is destroyed 3. US citizenship is lost 4. 30 days has elapsed since the death of the owner 5. The aircraft is registered under the laws of a foreign country 6. The ownership of the aircraft is transferred 7. 3 years have passed

What are examples of placards and markings required in the airplane?

14 CFR 23.1545 through 23.1567 Placards- Day-night-VFR-IFR, Flight maneuvering placards, caution markings, maneuvering speed, compass calibration card Markings- Airspeed indicator markings, cockpit control markings, fuel, oil

What equipment is required for DAY VFR flight?

airspeed indicator

tachometer

oil pressure gauge

manifold pressure gauge

altimeter

temperature gauge

oil temperature gauge

Fuel gauge

landing gear ident

anti-collision lights

magnetic compass

ELT

safety belts

Can you fly an inoperative component?

14 CFR Part 91 1. Operation with an MEL 14 CFR 91.213 2. Operation without an MEL 14 CFR 91.213

How can you operate your airplane if your turn coordinator is broken? compass? explain both.

Cover up the turn coordinator and use the magnetic compass and vice versa

What is a service bulletin? who issues it? is it mandatory?

A notice to an aircraft operator from a MANUFACTER informing him/her of a product improvement. its unsafe. NOT MANDATORY

what inspections does an airplane need?

A - Air directives (10hr or next 100 or annual) V - VOR test (30 days) 1 - 100 hour inspection annual inspection (yearly) A - Altimeter (24 months) T - Transponder (24 months) E - ELT (12 months, half battery life, or 1 hour cumulative use) S - Static System (24 months)

Annual inspection requirements.

check up on the entire plane and engine.

If operated for hire or flight instruction Is a 100hr required?

100 hour is only required if the airplane is being operated for hire

What is the difference between and Annual inspection and a 100-hour inspection?

(14 CFR part 43) Content is the same. Only an A&P mechanic with an Inspecion Authorization can perform an annual, 100 hour may be performed by any A&P mechanic. ***static system inspections needed only to check leaks if altimeter was removed or tested. If it was tested in place, no static check is required

Describe low pressure?

rising air, so cloudiness, precipitation, and bad weather

Describe high pressure system

depending air, less cloudiness, and good weather

Cold front, what is it, what kinds of weather patterns?

Cold airmass overtaking a warmer air mass Towering cumulus or cumulonimbus, heavy rain, lighting thunder, hail, tornados, poor visibility

Warm Front, what is it, what kinds of weather patterns?

Warm air moves over the top of cooler surface air Stratiform clouds, drizzle, low ceilings and poor visibility , variable winds,

stationary front

Opposing forces of two airmasses are balanced Occluded front Overtaking cold front lifts warm front off the surface

Dew point

Temperature at which air will be saturated

Trough

Area with low atmospheric pressure. Rising air causing bad weather Cloudy and precipitation

Ridge

Area with high atmospheric pressure. Descending air causing good weather dissipation of cloudiness

Isobars, what happens when they're close?

A line on a weather chart which connects areas of equal or constant barometric pressure (high or low) winds are at high speeds

Coriolis force

causes winds aloft to flow parallel to isobars

Stable Air Characteristics

1. stratiform clouds 2. smooth air 3. fair-to-poor visibility 4. Steady precipitation

What conditions are necessary for structural icing to form? how can you avoid them?

visible moisture and below freezing temperatures leave area of visible moisture

Types of structural icing, which is the worst?

Clear liquid on wing freezes in flight. Clear, smooth in appearance, down-flow on the wing Rime forms after light drops spread. Rough, opaque(can't be seen through) appearance, up-flow on the wing Mixed drops form in different sizes, and are a mixture of rain and ice particles. Rougher than the two, both up-flow and down-flow

Unstable Air characteristics

1. Cumuliform clouds 2. turbulent air 3. good visibility 4.showery precipitation

3 Ingredients of thunderstorms

1. Instability 2. Lifting Action Terrain (Orographic) Heating of surface (Convection) 3. High moisture content

Thunderstorm stages

Cumulus- Characterized by continuous updrafts. Condensation of vapor provides thermal energy Mature- Water drops become too heavy for updrafts to support. Characterized by the beginning of precip at surface Dissipating- Characterized by predominant downdrafts

Radiation fog

Clear, calm nights when air is moist with small temperature dewpoint spread

Advection fog

Low layer of warm, moist air moves over a cooler surface

Windshear, what is it, when can it occur, where specifically?

Sudden, drastic shift in wind speed and/or direction over a short distance May exist at any altitude and may occur in all directions. More likely to form in low temperature inversions and thunderstorms

Briefings, what is the number, what are the 3 types

Standard Briefing - within 6 hours, most information Outlook Briefing - more than 6 hours out, less information Abbreviated Briefing - an update to your previous briefing

What is HIWAS?

Hazardous in flight weather advisory service

Where can you get a weather brief?

FSS, which is 1800-WX-BRIEF or DUATS

All the ways you can get weather in flight

FSS 122.2 HIWAS AWOS/ATIS ATC

Define VFR? MVFR? IFR?

Visual Flight Rules (green) greater than 3,000 feet AGL and greater than 5 miles Marginal Visual Flight Rules (blue) 1,000 to 3,000 feet AGL and 3 to 5 miles Instrument Flight Rules (red) 500 to below 1,000 feet AGL and 1 mile to less than 3 miles

How would you compute pressure altitude and temperature at cruise? (standard lapse is incorrect)

29.92 - Altimeter setting x 1000, plus field elevation temperature guage

How are distant NOTAMs classified?

Distant, navigational facilities Airport facility change = Runway closed, Tower closed, Lighting out

What is a victor airway? what airspace? how wide? what altitudes?

based on VOR navaids Start at 1200 ft AGL class E... , 8 mi. wide

What is a TRSA? is it mandatory? where can you find the frequency?

Terminal Radar Service Areas where radar services are available, but participation is not required (for contacting approach) Typically associated with a Class D airport Class Echo airspace beginning at 700 or 1,200

Where can you find the frequency for class B airspace?

Outside flap of the sectional

What would you do if you realized you did not have enough fuel to reach an airport with fuel?

Land at another airport and call someone. Or land as soon as you can

how many times a day is it issued, how long is a TAF valid for, what should it be used for,

Issued 4 times a day0000Z, 0600Z, 1200Z, 1800Z Valid for 24 hrs or 30 hrs at some larger airports Should be primary source of weather information for destination

Unscheduled forecasts

1. Valid for 4hours after issuance 2. Designated November - Yankee 3. Sequentially numbered

what are AIRMETS, when is it issued?

Warn of weather hazards particularly hazardous to small, single-engine aircraft Issued every 6 hours

Three types of AIRMETS

1. Sierra - IFR Conditions, Mountain obscuration 2. Tango - Moderate turbulence, Surface winds 30+ knots, LLWS 3. Zulu - Icing and freezing levels Weather

Depiction chart

provides favorable and adverse IFR/VFR

Surface Analysis Chart, what does it show, and weather, what is it not

Locations of pressure systems and fronts Transmitted every 3 hours Shows weather as of valid time on the chart Not a forecast OU

weather Minimums, ceilings and visibility for solo are, traffic pattern, XC, and dual as well as Wind Limits for solo and dual

Wind Limits Solo Traffic Pattern - 1,500 ft ceiling and 3 sm visibility Solo Area Work - 2,500 ft ceiling and 5 sm visibility Solo XC - 2,500 ft ceiling and 10 miles visibility Dual flights - 1,000 ft ceiling and 3 sm visibility Weather Minimums Solo - maximum 25 knots - maximum 10 knots gust spread Dual - Maximum 35 knots - maximum 15 knot gust spread Crosswind Limits will not exceed POH limitation

What does prognostic mean?

Short-range surface prognostic charts provided forecast of pressure systems, fronts, and precipitation

which are forecasts and which are observations?

Forecasts: 1. Turbulence 2. Icing 3. Winds/temps 4. Prog Charts 5. TAFs Observations: 1. METARs 2. Ceilings and Vis 3. Radar 4. Satellite

How can you file a PIREP?

Through a flight service station

What are Isogonic lines?

broken magenta line connect points of magnetic lines

Deviation/Compass Errors, what is it, what disturbs and causes it, how can they be different, and what do you use to figure it out

The difference between direction indicated by a magnetic compass not installed in an airplane and one installed in an airplane metals and electrical accessories disturb it and cause it. magnetic fields within the aircraft distorting the lines of magnetic force. May differ for different headings in the same aircraft.

Use Compass Deviation Card VOR

Radio stations that project radials in all directions in magnetic heading GPS,

describe VOR

stale based radio navigational system tracks the precise location of the aircraft make sure the GPS is not expired

VORTAC

Shows the distance of a VOR

How are VOR NAVIDS classified

Terminal, low, high MAKE SURE TO KNOW HOW TO IDENTIFY EVERYTHING ON A SECTIONAL CHART

Restricted Area

Prevent unsafe congestion above an event which may generate high public interest May be graphically depicted on FAA website or through textual NOTAM Examples Airshows Sporting events Natural disasters wildlife refuge

Prohibited Area, whats it made for, can you fly in it?

Established for security or national welfare Flight is prohibited in these areas President Bush's ranch Do not enter unless you want an F-16 escort

Warning Area, where does it begin, what may it be, what requirements to enter, whats a way you can remember this

Defined dimensions, beginning 3NM off coast May be located over domestic or international waters No entry requirement Think of it as an Alert Area over water