Common Diseases and Disorders of Body Systems

Flashcards covering common diseases and disorders for a medical terminology or anatomy and physiology course, focusing on vocabulary related to body systems.

Integumentary System

Includes the skin, nails, hair, sensory organs, and sebaceous and sudoriferous glands; functions include protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and waste disposal.

aden/o

Gland

adip/o

Fat

bi/o

Life

carcin/o

Cancer

chem/o

Chemical

cry/o

Cold

cutane/o

Skin

cyan/o

Blue

dermat/o

Skin

derm/o

Skin

erythr/o

Red

hidr/o

Sweat

ichthy/o

Scaly

kerat/o

Keratin, Hard, Hornlike

leuk/o

White

lip/o

Fat

melan/o

Melanin, Black

myc/o

Fungus

necr/o

Death

py/o

Pus

scler/o

Hard

seb/o

Sebum, Oil

trich/o

Hair

ungu/o

Nail

vesic/o

Bladder, Sac

xanth/o

Yellow

xer/o

Dry

Basal Cell Carcinoma

One of 3 major types of skin cancer, most common; caused by overexposure to the sun, changes in moles, etc.; signs include pearly bumps, red spots, or scarlike patches; treated via surgical removal and radiation.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

One of 3 major types of skin cancer that affects the middle layer of skin; caused by overexposure to the sun, genetic predisposition, chemical pollution, etc.; signs include new growths that ulcerate or small, firm skin lesions; treated via surgical removal and radiation.

Malignant Melanoma

One of 3 major types of skin cancer where melanocytes do not respond to normal control mechanisms; use ABCDE rule to identify; metastasizes and compromises organ function; requires early diagnosis.

Acne Vulgaris

Commonly called acne; occurs when oil and dead skin cells clog pores; signs include red, swollen blemishes, pimples, and cystic lesions; common in teens and can cause scarring.

Alopecia

Baldness or loss of hair; androgenic alopecia is the most common form; alopecia areata involves patches of baldness that may come and go; treatments are available, but don't work for everyone.

Cellulitis

Bacterial infection below the skin often caused by infection of a cut or abrasion; signs include erythema, warmth, swelling, pain, fever, chills, and enlarged lymph nodes; treat with antibiotics.

Contact Dermatitis

Allergic reaction of skin caused by an irritating substance like poison ivy; signs include red, irritated skin, vesicles, rash, itching, pain, and urticaria; treated with antihistamines and topical corticosteroids.

Decubitus Ulcer

Pressure sore or bed sore where tissue has broken down due to constant pressure; graded by National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel; treated by relieving pressure and debridement.

Eczema

Atopic dermatitis presenting as a chronic skin condition by an allergic-type reaction; signs include scaling, itching, and rash; common in infants and treated with mild soaps and low potency corticosteroids.

Furuncles

A boil or abscess of a hair follicle caused by Staphylococcus aureus; signs include red to purple, pain, and white or yellow center filled with pus; treat with incision and drainage and antibiotics; handwashing is a good preventive measure.

Folliculitis

Infection or inflammation of hair follicles caused by blocked pores; signs include reddened rash, raised, red, pus-filled lesions, pimples that crust over, and itching; treat by avoiding irritation and cleaning with soap and water.

Herpes Simplex

Two strains: HSV-1 affects the face, lips, and mouth, while HSV-2 affects oral and genital areas and is an STD; signs include mouth sores and blisters; treated with antiviral medications.

Herpes Zoster

Commonly called shingles; caused by varicella zoster virus or chickenpox; signs include pain, burning, tingling, and itchy feeling, red rash with fluid-filled blisters; treat with oral antiviral medications.

Impetigo

Bacterial skin infection seen in children caused by bacteria; signs include round, crusted, oozing spots typically around the nose and mouth; very contagious; treat with cleansing, antibiotic ointment, or oral antibiotics.

Psoriasis

Affects almost 8 million Americans; build up of dead skin cells that form scaly patches; signs include redness, itching, and thick dry scales; not contagious; treat episodic cases with topical medications and severe cases with analgesics and retinoids.

Rosacea

Affects an estimated 14 million Americans; unknown cause; signs include redness on cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead, visible blood vessels, and bumps on face; no cure, but can reduce symptoms.

Scabies

Common infection spread by personal contact and among school children; caused by human or scabies itch mite; signs include small zigzag blister markingmite laying eggs, intense itching, and red rash; treated with sulfur-based lotion.

Uticaria

Commonly called hives; acute hypersensitivity to stimuli; signs include localized pink, itchy, swollen patches of skin, burning or stinging sensations, and severe itching; treat by removing cause and with antihistamine and epinephrine.

Warts

Also called verrucae; caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) related virus; appearance and texture vary; treat with OTC medications or cryotherapy.

Musculoskeletal System

Includes bones and muscles; functions include shape and support, protection, storage for minerals, hemopoiesis, heat production, posture, balance, and movement.

arthro/o

Joint

burs/o

Bursa

carp/o

Carpals

chondr/o

Cartilage

clavicula/o

Clavicle

coccyg/o

Coccyx

cost/o

Rib

crani/o

Skull

femor/o

Femur

fibr/o

Fibrous

fibul/o

Fibula

humer/o

Humerus

ili/o

Ilium

ischi/o

Ischium

kyph/o

Hump

lord/o

Bent Backward

mandibul/o

Mandible

maxill/o

Maxilla

metacarp/o

Metacarpus

metatars/o

Metatarsus

muscul/o

Muscle

my/o

Muscle

myel/o

Bone Marrow

orth/o

Straight

oste/o

Bone

patell/o

Patella

path/o

Disease

phlang/o

Phalanges

pub/o

Pubis

radi/o

Radius

sacr/o

Sacrum

scapula/o

Scapula

scoli/o

Crooked, Bent

spondyl/o

Vertebra

stern/o

Sternum

tars/o

Tarsals

ten/o

Tendon

tendin/o

Tendon

tibi/o

Tibia

uln/o

Ulna

vertebr/o

Vertebra

Scoliosis

One of several types of abnormal curvature of the spine; signs include a C or S shape of the spine; treated with orthopedic braces or surgery.

Lordosis

One of several types of abnormal curvature of the spine; called swayback; signs include exaggerated inward curvature of the lumbar spine and protruding abdomen or buttocks; goal is to stop spinal deformity.

Kyphosis

One of several types of abnormal curvature of the spine; called humpback; signs include exaggerated thoracic curvature, fatigue, mild back pain, and shortness of breath in severe cases; depends on cause and patient's age.

Osteoarthritis

An inflammation of a joint; most common type of arthritis; signs include joint pain, swelling, morning stiffness, warmth and redness, and decreased ability to move joint; treatment includes medication, heat and cold applications, and surgery.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

An autoimmune disorder causing deformity of the joints; commonly affects hands; signs include joint deformity, inflammation, swelling, morning joint stiffness, and fatigue; no cure, but can provide pain relief and modify activities.

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursa in joint; signs include joint pain, limited joint mobility, swelling, and tenderness of joint; treatment includes rest, pain medication, steroid injections, and aspiration of excess fluid.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Inflammation of the carpal tunnel at the wrist; signs include pain, numbness, hand weakness; treatment includes wrist splints, hot and cold compresses, NSAIDS, and surgery.

Cardiovascular system

Provides shape and support, protection, storage, hemopoiesis, heat production, posture, balance and movement

angi/o

Vessel

aort/o

Aorta

arteri/o

Artery