PSYC 3030 Exam 3 LSU Lucas

research on flashbulb memories for national tragedies like 9/11 suggest

rememberers tend to be highly confident in the accuracy of these memories even after time has passed

according to the self-image hypothesis, the reminiscence bump is a result of

people assuming many new identities in adolescence and early adulthood

which is NOT TRUE about the effects of emotion on memory?

A. The amygdala plays an important role in enhancing memory for emotional information.

B. Stress hormones have been linked to better memory consolidation.

C. Emotion primarily enhances memory for things that happen during childhood.

D. Emotion enhances memory for emotionally arousing material, but not neutral material that

is present at the same time.

emotion primarily enhances memory for things that happen during childhood

the cognitive interview takes all of the concepts below into account except

A. Encoding specificity

B. The reminiscence bump

C. Retrieval cues

D. The misinformation effect

the reminiscence bump

to decrease the likelihood of a witness misidentifying an innocent suspect from a lineup police should

have the witness view the people in the lineup one at a time instead of all at once

the accuracy of eyewitness testimony for a crime can be influenced by

A. Source-monitoring errors due to familiarity

B. Inattention to the relevant information due to the weapon focus

C. Post-event questioning

all of the above

your friend has been sick for several days, so you go over to her home to make her some

chicken soup. Searching for a spoon, you first reach in a top drawer beside the dishwasher.

Then, you turn to the big cupboard beside the stove to search for a pan. In your search, you

have relied on your _______ of a kitchen

scene schema

I see an animal coming toward me that I've never seen before and decide that it is a dog. the exemplar approach says I made this categorization by...

comparing the new animal to many other dogs that i've encountered previously

items that are more typical of a given category are ____ compared to items that are less typical of a given category

more susceptible to priming effects, faster to verify as members of their category, characterized by higher levels of family resemblance

a fish novice would call the item below a ______ and an expert would call it a ________

fish; herring

During a stem completion task, people are more likely to complete apple - p__r with "pear",

but more likely to complete boat - p__r with "pier". Which phenomena can best account for

this result?

spreading activation

In Collins & Quillian's semantic network, which of the properties below would be directly

linked to the concept node for "skunk"?

can spray smelly liquid

Which of these results go AGAINST the predictions of Collins & Quillian's semantic network

model?

A. The statement "A robin is a bird." is verified faster than the statement "An ostrich is a bird."

B. The statement "A salmon is a fish." Is verified faster than the statement "A salmon is an

animal."

C. Encountering the word "mug" on a lexical decision task causes related concepts (such as

"cup") to become primed.

the statement a robin is a bird is verified faster than the statement an ostrich is a bird

Which of these statements is FALSE?

A. The connectionist model of semantic memory is hierarchical, with basic categories nested

under superordinate categories.

B. Relative to Collins & Quillian's model, the connectionist model is better able to account for

typicality effects.

C. Relative to Collins & Quillian's model, the connectionist model better reflects the concept of

distributed processing in the brain.

D. In connectionism, the extent to which one unit activates another depends on the connection

weight between those two units.

the connectionist model of semantic memory is hierarchical with basic categories nested under superordinate categories

Which statement is true about an untrained (naïve) connectionist model is activated with

"Daisies are..."

until the connection weights are adjusted through back propagation many incorrect units are activated

Friend #1: That makes sense. Animals are a very crowded category so they are harder to tell

apart than other categories.

multiple factor approach

Friend #2: Your stroke must have damage the part of your semantic memory that is

specialized for sensory features, but not the part of your semantic memory that deals with

features related to functions.

sensory functional hypothesis

Friend #3: Well, it makes sense that only one category would be affected by your stroke. Our

brains have different neural circuits for different categories.

semantic category approach

Friend #4: At least we know that your anterior temporal lobe was not affected!

hub and spoke model

How many morphemes does "prepay" have?

two

How many morphemes does "regrouping" have?

three

How many morphemes does "crocodile" have?

one

The person next to you dropped their book on the floor while I was talking, your brain could

probably "fill in" what I was saying during the brief noise. This would be an example of:

the phonemic restoration effect and top down processing

"Bank" has two meanings with biased dominance. The dominant meaning is a financial

institution, the non-dominant meaning is the land near a river. You read the sentence: "The

fisherman waited by the bank." Which meaning(s) of "bank" would be activated by this

sentence?

both meanings

"Bank" has two meanings with biased dominance. The dominant meaning is a financial

institution, the non-dominant meaning is the land near a river. You read the sentence: "She

deposited her paycheck at the bank." Which meaning(s) of "bank" would be activated by this

sentence?

the financial related meaning

"Bank" has two meanings with biased dominance. The dominant meaning is a financial

institution, the non-dominant meaning is the land near a river. You read the word "bank" in

isolation, with no other context. Which meaning(s) of "bank" would be activated?

the finance related meaning

"Park" has two meanings with balanced dominance. One meaning is the act of stopping a car

and leaving it somewhere. The other meaning is an outdoor place for picnics, sports, or

recreation. You read the sentence: "The children played at the park." Which meaning(s) of

"park" would be activated by this sentence?

both meanings

"Park" has two meanings with balanced dominance. One meaning is the act of stopping a car

and leaving it somewhere. The other meaning is an outdoor place for picnics, sports, or

recreation. You read the sentence: "I got a ticket because I did not park my car in the correct

place." Which meaning(s) of "park" would be activated by this sentence?

both meanings

"Park" has two meanings with balanced dominance. One meaning is the act of stopping a

car and leaving it somewhere. The other meaning is an outdoor place for picnics, sports, or

recreation. You read the word "park" in isolation, with no other context. Which meaning(s) of

"park" would be activated?

both meanings

concept

a representation of an item or class in the mind

category

a set of all possible examples of a given object

prototype

ideal category member; doesn't exist because it has all characteristics

typicality effect

ability to determine category membership more rapidly for highly prototypical objects

priming

change in performance with an item due to prior exposure

exemplar approach

people compare new members of a category to ones that have been encountered in the past

superordinate/global

vehicle

basic

car, truck, bike

subordinate/specific

ford, chevy, dirt, road

above basic?

loss of info

below basic?

little gain of info

cognitive economy

collinsnquid, properties stored at highest possible level of categ

distance effects

+distance+time

spreading activation

activation of a concept spreads to other concepts in the network

connectionist

networks made of units inspired by neurons

input unit

activated by stimuli from environment

hidden unit

stimuli from input unit

output units

stimuli from hidden units

sensory functional(warrington/shallice)

category specific impairments in patients with brain damge

semantic category approach

specific neural circuits for cat

hub and spoke atl

hub(atl) spokes(connections)

lexical ambiguity

existence of multiple meanings for the same word

semantics

meanings of words and word groupings

syntax

grammar rules

parsing

mental grouping of words into phrases to determine meaning

garden path sentence

sentences that begin by appearing to mean one thing, but mean something else

principle of late closure

assuming each new word is a part of the current phrase

interactionist approach

syntax and semantics are taken into account simultaneously