poopy poop chem midterm 2

polarizability

ease at which the electron cloud can be distorted by neighboring charges

- increases with number of electrons in electron cloud
- as it increases so does strength of dispersion and BP
- increases as SA increases

viscosity

resistance of liquid to flow
- stronger IMF = higher viscosity

cohesion

force that binds molecules together in liquid

surface tension

energy required to increase SA by a certain amount
- increases w strong IMF; decreases with temp

adhesion

forces that allow liquid molecules to interact with solid surface

capillary action

ability for liquid to flow up a thin tube against the influence of gravity
- results from balance of adhesive and cohesive forces

faster evaporation when:

• weaker IMFs

• higher temp

• lower pressure

• higher SA

volatile substances

liquids that evaporate fast

• weaker IMFs = higher vapor pressure

• stinky

nonvolatile substances

liquids that dont evaporate quickly

• stronger IMFs = lower vapor pressure

miscible

can dissolve in other liquids

immiscible

cannot dissolve in other liquids

electrolytes

break up into multiple ions

nonelectrolytes

dont break up

negative deviation

STRONG IMF

supercritical fluid

any substance at a temperature and pressure above its critical point

crystalline solid

a solid made of any ordered array of atoms, ion, or molecules

amorphous solid

a solid that lacks long-range order for the atoms, ions, or molecules in its structure

molecular solid

solid formed by neutral covalently bonded molecules held together by IMFs

ionic solid

solid consisting of monatomic or polyatomic ions held together by ionic bonds; hard, brittle, high MPs

covalent network solid

solid held together by extended arrays of covalent bonds

homogenous alloy

atoms of added elements are uniformly distributed among host atoms

heterogenous alloy

host atoms are interspersed with small islands of atoms of other elements