Ap psych last TEST AHAHAHAHHAHA

History of treating disorders

psychotropic drugs and community- based programs led to deinsti

deinstitutionalization

process of moving people with psych disorders out of institutional facilities

psychotherapy

use of psychological techniques to overcome difficulties/achieve growth

decentralization

combining medication and psychotherapy in outpatient or inpatient

#1 psychodynamic therapies

derived from traditional psychoanalytic view. see person as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences. Enhances self-insight. Use free association and ream interpretation→ unconscious mind.

#2 Humanistic therapies

focus on growth, the present, and the conscious mind.

person-centered therapy

therapy uses active listening and unconditional; positive regard to facilitate client’s growth. (carl Rodgers)

active listening

echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what a person expresses and acknowledging the expressed feeling. 3 Steps: restate,clarify, and reflect

#3 Behavioral therapies

applied behavior analysis → using what we know about learning principles to address disordered behaviors. Token economies.

counter conditioning

use classical conditioning to create new response to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors

exposure therapies

expose people to what they normally avoid

systematic desensitization

associates pleasant state with gradually increasing anxiety-provoking stimuli. Use fear hierarchies and progressive relaxation.

averse conditioning

associates unpleasant state with unwanted behavior. Help you learn what NOT to do

#4 cognitive therapy

thinking affects feelings. thoughts intervene between events and emotional reactions. teaches new, more adaptive ways to think.

cognitive mood

negative thoughts about oneself, the world, and the future

biofeedback (behavior therapy)

recording, amplifying, and feeding back info about physiological responses. Effort to help people control them

cognitive restructuring (cognitive therapy)

help change people’s minds with new, more constructive ways of interpreting events.

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

aims to alter the way people think and act

dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)

adapted for those who experience emotion very intensely. make peace between two opposing forces- accept reality and change unhelpful behaviors.

evidence-based practice

clinician applies therapies that combine best research, clinical expertise, and client preferences.

cultural humility

awareness of how own culture or client’s culture impact therapeutic outcome

therapeutic alliance

emotional bond between therapist and client

biomedical therapy

medication or other biological treatments

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

brief electric current sent through brain of anesthetized patient. Used for severe depression/OCD. patient remembers nothing of treatment. 80% improve. Side effects: seizures memory loss.

transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain. used to stimulate/suppress brain activity

psychosurgery

removes or destroys brain tissue

lesion

selective tissue destruction

lobotomy

cut nerves connecting frontal lobes to emotion-controlling centers of inner brain. side effects: lethargic, immature and brain damage

Ethics in psychotherapy

fidelity- loyalty and support. Nonmaleficence- do no harm. Integrity- don’t lie. Respect for people’s rights and dignity.

hypnosis

effective in treating pain and anxiety. NO RESEARCH to support retrieval pf accurate memories.