ADM

Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM)

A systematic approach to the mental processes used by pilots to determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.

Risk Management

The part of the decision-making process that relies on situational awareness, problem recognition, and good judgment to reduce risks associated with flight.

PAVE Acronym

Identifies the basic risk elements in the ADM process: Pilot, Aircraft, Environment, and External Pressures.

Purpose of PAVE

It should be used as a personal minimums evaluation checklist for pilots.

Common dangerous pilot behaviors

Scud running, visual flight into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC), and neglecting checklists (relying on memory).

The most common factor in preventable accidents

Human error.

First step in neutralizing hazardous attitudes

Recognize hazardous thoughts.

Correcting a hazardous attitude

Label it as such and correct it by stating or thinking the corresponding antidote.

Hazardous Attitude: Antiauthority (Don't tell me!)

Antidote: Follow the rules. They are usually right.

Hazardous Attitude: Impulsivity (Do something quickly!)

Antidote: Not so fast. Think first.

Hazardous Attitude: Invulnerability (It won't happen to me.)

Antidote: It could happen to me.

Hazardous Attitude: Macho (I can do it.)

Antidote: Taking chances is foolish.

Hazardous Attitude: Resignation (What's the use?)

Antidote: I'm not helpless. I can make a difference.