Music History Exam 3

Claudio Monteverdi

Italy

Late Renaissance - Baroque Period

The father of opera!

wrote vocal music

- sacred music

- madrigals

- operas (3 survived)

used musical devices to express feelings and personalities in music

stylistic contrasts

Giovanni Maria Artusi

Italy

Early Baroque Period

attacked Monteverdi for breaking the rules of counterpoint

Giulio Caccini

Florence, Italy

Early Baroque Period

worked on intermedi

Le nuove musiche - solo songs with continuo, with stropic texts were arias

- ornaments to express the text

- each line of poetry as a separate phrase ending in a cadence, shaping his melody to the natural accentuation of the text.

daughter was Francesca Caccini

Part of Florence's Camerata

Jacopo Peri

Florence, Italy

Early Baroque Period

singer-composer

Helped compose the FIRST opera!

set out to re-create Greek tragedy

L'euridice - earliest surviving opera

- aria vs recit

Giovanni de' Bardi

Florence, Italy

Baroque

Part of the Camerata

Helped writing Intermedi - he brought the unifying theme of the power of ancient greek music

later helped compose the first operas

Girolamo Mei

Florence, Italy

Early Baroque

investigated Greek music, particularly its role in the theater

concluded that Greek music consisted of a single melody, sung by a soloist or chorus, with or without accompaniment.

Wrote to the Camerata

Anna Renzi

Venice, Italy

Early Baroque

Leading lady of the venetian opera scene

composer would tailor the role to her to capitalize her talents

sets the standard of the "prima donna"

Francesca Caccini

Florence, Italy

Early Baroque

Women in power!

Singer, teacher, composer -highest-paid musician in the court of the duke of Tuscany!

La liberazione di Ruggiero dall'isola d'Alcina

- Billed as a ballet, but has all the elements of an opera!

Barbara Strozzi

Italy

Early Baroque

Diporti di Euterpe (1659)- Lagrime mie

the cantata queen

published more cantatas that any other composer of the time

Heinrich Schütz

Germany

Early Baroque

LONG career in Dresden

known for music that conveys the meaning and imagery of the text

Musical figures - "harsh cadential notes"

Girolamo Frescobaldi

Italy

Early Baroque

First book of toccatas

focus on instrumental music

model for later composers like Bach

Louis XIV

France

Middle Baroque

king

anti-foreign sentiment

arts as propaganda

court ballet/dance music

dance suites

creation of the first orchestra

taste of refinement, elegance

Jean-Baptiste Lully

France

Middle Baroque

employed by the king for over 30 years

ironically he was italian born!

created a distinct french opera style

- serious plots

- propaganda

- the french overture

- french text declamation

- Frequent divertissements: long interludes of dancing with solo and choral singing

Henry Purcell

England

Middle Baroque

French influence - overture, homophonic choruses

Italian influence - many arias, lament with descending tetrachords

English influence - tuneful, diatonic, simple and catchy

invention of the public concert!

Alessandro Scarlatti

Italy

Middle Baroque

Leading composer in vocal genres

more than 600 cantatas

Da capo BIG time

Dieterich Buxtehude

North Germany

Middle Baroque

sick organist

influenced the one and only JSB

composed organ works and sacred vocal works