Mammalia – the herbivores

there are ___ orders of placental mammals

19

what two families have the most species in placental mammals?

rodentia and chiroptera

finding plants is __

easy

plant material has____ and is ___ to digest

low nutritional value, difficult

why is it hard to break down glucose?

not water soluble, needs acid + high temps

herbivorous mammals tend to be ___, while herbivorous fish tend to be ___.

large, small

the ___ you are, the more ____ you are

bigger, efficient

how much cellulose is found in brown and red algae?

1-8%

how much cellulose is found in vascular plants?

30% cellulose

why is there more cellulose in land plants?

used for structure to fight against gravity

what are some fish adaptations for eating plants?

pharyngeal teeth for grinding, jaws for macerating and tearing the algae, beak-like teeth for stripping corals, gut with fermentation potential

what are some elephant adaptations for eating plants?

the teeth reproduce/replenish, grind tough vegetation

what are some adaptations for eating plants?

the jaw can move from side to side to crush plants, ruminent stomach- very large

what animals are fore-gut fermenters?

kangaroo and sheep

what animals are hind-gut fermenters?

horse and koala

what are cetartiodactyla?

swine, giraffes, cattle, bison, sheep, whales, ect

what are the characteristics of even toed ungulates?

mostly herbivores, and having 2 or 4 functional toes

what are ruminants?

foregut fermenters

what animals are ruminants?

cows, sheep, goats, antelope, giraffe, deer

what skeletal modifications do ruminants have?

incisors for stripping vegetation, molars to chew

there are ___ chambers in the ruminant stomach?

4

main fermentation occurs in the ____

rumen and reticulum

____ digests proteins derived from fermentation

abomasum

what are the parts of the ruminant stomach?

rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasums

ruminants feed in ____

batches

hind- gut fermenters need to feed ____

continuously in small amounts to keep fermentation going

what advantages are there with a ruminant stomach?

can eat a large amount of food and walk

how might a hind-git fermenter eat?

have a territory and eat locally

what are the characteristics of perissodactyla(odd-toes ungulates)?

no rumen, digests in hind-gut

what are two pseudo-ruminants?

kangaroos(2 chambers), hippos(3 chambers)

what is order proboscidea?

elephants

do hind gut or foregut fermentors digest more?

foregut fermentors, 70-80%

elephants are ____ fermenters.

hind gut