APES - Unit 1

Commensalism

Relationship that benefits one organism & doesn’t impact the other. An example is barnacles attaching to whales.

Parasitoids

Lay eggs inside a host organism; eggs hatch & larvae eat host for energy. Ex: parasitics wasps, bot fly

Symbiosis

Any close and long-term interaction between two organisms of different species.

Mutualism, Commensalism, & parasitism are all symbiotic relationships

Competition

Reduces pop. size since there a few resources available & fewer can survive

Resource Partitioning

Different species using the same resource in diff. ways to reduce competition

Temporal partitioning

Using resource at different times, such as wolves & coyotes hunting at diff. times (night vs. day)

Spatial partitioning

Using diff. areas of a shared habitats (diff. length roots)

Competitive Exclusion

No two species will occupy the same niche bc one will always outcompete the other

River

Have high 02 due to flow mixing water & air, also carry nutrient-rich sediments (deltas & flood plains = fertile soil)

Littoral

Shallow water w/emergent plants

Limnetic

Where light can reach (photosynth) - no rooted plants, only phytoplankton

Profundal

Too deep for sunlight (no phots.)

Benthic

Murky bottom where inverts (bugs) live, nutrient-rich sediments

Estuaries

Areas where river empty into the ocean

• Mix of fresh & salt water

• High productivity (plant growth) due to nutrients in sediments deposited in estuaries by river

Coral Reef

• MOST diverse marine (ocean) biome

• Mutualistic relationship b/w coral (takes CO2 out of ocean to create the reef & also provide CO2 to the algae) & algae (provide sugar (energy) to the coral through phots.)

  • Both species rely on the other: Coral couldn’t survive without energy from algae. Algae need the home of the reef & CO2 from the coral

Intertidal Zones

Open Ocean

• PHOTIC ZONE = area where sunlight can reach (phots.)

• Algae & phytoplankton of ocean produce a lot of earth’s O2 & absorb a lot of atm. CO2

• APHOTIC ZONE (ABYSSAL) = area too deep for sunlight

Carbon Cycle

Nitrogen Cycle