Dynamic Properties of Rocks

Tectonic Earthquake

Volcanic Earthquake

Explosive Earthquake

Collapse Earthquake

Types of an Earthquake

Normal

Reverse

Strike-slip

Types of Fault

Seismic Waves

vital information about the internal structure of the Earth

Body Waves

Surface Waves (Rayleigh waves and Love waves)

Types of Seismic Waves

P-waves and S-waves

(2) Body Waves

Rayleigh waves and Love waves

(2) Surface Waves

Body Wave

travel through the interior of the Earth

P-waves

Longitudinal Waves / Compressional Waves

has greatest speed and appears first on seismograms

P-waves

Primary or Push-Pull or Pressure

P-waves

Rigidity (↑ Rigidity, faster P-waves)

Compressibility (↑ Compressibility, faster P-waves)

Density (↑ Density, slower P-waves)

S-waves

Transverse Waves

less speed than P - waves

S-waves

Secondary or Shear or Shake

S-waves

Rigidity (↑ Rigidity, faster S-waves)

Density (↑ Density, slower S-waves)

Surface Wave

along the surface of the Earth and the layers near the surface

Rayleigh waves

Combined effect of P- and S-waves on the earth's surface

Ground Roll / Rolling Waves

Lord Rayleigh

Who developed Rayleigh waves?

Love waves (L - Waves)

Shearing sideways and then returning to its original form as each wave passes.

Augustus Love

Who developed Love waves (L - Waves)?

4.5km x 1.5km

Seismic Wave Propagation

Seismic Velocity

Physical Deformation

Seismic Wave (Speed, Direction, Location)

Elastic Moduli

viscoelastic microplastic behavior of rocks

Elastic Constant

Stress and Strains

Static Method

deformation induced in a material by the application of a force

Dynamic method

measuring the ultrasonic body wave velocities

Grouting

injection of appropriate materials under pressure into certain parts of the earth's crust

Grouting

sealing of cracks in manmade structures

Compaction Grouting

increase the density of the soil

rehabilitate settlement of sensitive structures