HISTORY CIE IGCSE

How long did the Paris Peace Conference last?

twelve months from January 1919 to January 1920

What happened to defeated nations in the Paris Peace Conference?

The defeated nations were not invited.

Who were the 'Big Three' (names)?

Clemenceau, Lloyd George, Woodrow Wilson

How many commissions were set up at the Paris Peace Conference?

More than 50

How many nations were represented at the Paris Peace Conference?

32

How many men had Britain lost in WW1?

750,000

How much money had Britain borrowed after WW1?

£9 billion

How many men had France lost in WW1?

1.5 million men

What had happened to North East France in WW1?

It had been devastated

What did Georges Clemenceau want from the Paris Peace Conference? (4)

Cripple Germany

Return of Alsace Lorraine

Germany split into smaller states

Wanted Rhineland, Saar and Upper Silesia

What did Woodrow Wilson want from the Paris Peace Conference?

Punish Germany less harshly than Clemenceau

Self determination

League oF Nations

Universal adoption of 14 points

What did Lloyd George want from the Paris Peace Conference?

Punish Germany less harshly than Clemenceau

Confiscate Germany’s navy

Germany as trading partner

Avoid 14 points

No free access to the sea

Compromises at the Paris Peace Conference:(1)

C&L agreed to W's self-determination of eastern European countries

Compromises at the Paris Peace Conference:(2)

W agreed to C's plan for Rhineland and Saarland

Compromises at the Paris Peace Conference:(3)

L agreed to C taking German land

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(1)

War Guilt Clause (Article 231)

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(2)

£6.6 billion reparations

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(3)

Alsace-Lorraine to France

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(4)

Saarland run by League for 15 years

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(5)

All Germany colonies confiscated

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(6)

Army limited to 100,000 men

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(7)

Conscription banned

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(8)

Only 6 battleships allowed

Terms of the Treaty of Versailles:(9)

Demilitarised Rhineland

Why did Germany sign the T of V?(1)

B&F threatened to continue the war

Why did Germany sign the T of V?(2)

British Naval blockade in place

Why did Germany sign the T of V?(3)

Afraid of Communist uprising in Germany

What did Germany lose from the T of V?(1)

10% of its land

What did Germany lose from the T of V?(2)

12.5% of its population

What did Germany lose from the T of V?(3)

16% of its coalfields

What did Germany lose from the T of V?(4)

50% of its iron and steel industry

What did Germany lose from the T of V?(5)

All overseas colonies

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?(1)

Lost 32% of agricultural land

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?(2)

Lost 54% of industry

What was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?(3)

Fined 300 million gold roubles

How did Germany pay for WW1?

Intended to pay by taking reparations

Why was the T of V severe in Germany?(1)

Unemployment increased due to limited army

Why was the T of V severe in Germany?(2)

Many Germans thought they were not solely responsible

When was the Treaty of St Germain made?

September 1919

What was the Treaty of St Germain?(1)

Czechoslovakia made

What was the Treaty of St Germain?(2)

Poland created

What was the Treaty of St Germain?(3)

Austria reduced to 6 million people

What was the Treaty of St Germain?(4)

Army limited to 30,000

What was the Treaty of St Germain?(5)

Non-existent reparations

When was the Treaty of the Trianon made?

June 1920

What was the Treaty of the Trianon?(1)

Gave land to Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia and Romania

What was the Treaty of the Trianon?(2)

Hungary became a monarchy

What was the Treaty of the Trianon?(3)

Army limited to 35,000 men

What was the Treaty of the Trianon?(4)

Non-existent reparations

When was the Treaty of Neuilly made?

November 1919

What was the Treaty of Neuilly?(1)

Gave land to Yugoslavia, Greece and Romania

What was the Treaty of Neuilly?(2)

Army limited to 20,000 men

What was the Treaty of Neuilly?(3)

Had to pay reparations

When was the Treaty of Sevres made?

August 1920

What was the Treaty of Sevres?(1)

Gave land to Greece, Italy, France and League of Nations

What was the Treaty of Sevres?(2)

Disarmed Turkey

What was the Treaty of Sevres?(3)

Pay reparations

What happened after the Treaty of Sevres?

Mustapha Kemal uprose against the Western powers

When was the Treaty of Lausanne made?

1923

What was the Treaty of Lausanne?(1)

Turkey regains land

What was the Treaty of Lausanne?(2)

International Zone of Straits demilitarised

What was the Treaty of Lausanne?(3)

Turkey to not pay reparations

What was the Treaty of Lausanne?(4)

Turkey to not disarm

What did Britain want from the League of Nations?

Simple organisation for emergencies

What did France want from the League of Nations?

Strong League with its own army

What did the US want from the League of Nations?

World Parliament

What were the key points of the League?(1)

All major nations joined

What were the key points of the League?(2)

International disarmament

What were the key points of the League?(3)

Use of economic sanctions

What were the key points of the League?(4)

Collective security

Why did the US not join the League of Nations?(1)

Americans disliked the T of V

Why did the US not join the League of Nations?(2)

Americans wanted to stay out of any more wars

Why did the US not join the League of Nations?(3)

Americans did not want to fight for Britain or France

Weaknesses of the League:(1)

B&F did not have enough resources to hold L of N together

Weaknesses of the League:(2)

Self-interests of B&F

Weaknesses of the League:(3)

USA did not join

Weaknesses of the League:(4)

No army

Weaknesses of the League:(5)

Had to have unanimous vote

Commissions of the League:

Slavery, Health, Refugees, Mandates, International Labour Organisation

What did the Health Committee do?

Reduced cases of malaria, assisted in stopping plague in Russia, set up leper colonies

What did the ILO do?

Reduction of hours of work for children, minimum wage, old age pension, lead banned from paint

What did the Refugee Committee do?

400,000 war prisoners returned to their homes

What did the Slavery Committe do?

Raids against slave owners and traders in Burma

Vilna

1920, Poland vs Lithuania, Poland invaded, L of N did nothing, Poland kept Vilna

Upper Silesia

1921, Germany vs Poland, both claimed ownership, plebiscite organised, land split

Aaland Islands

1921, Sweden vs Finland, League ruled land went to Finland, no conflict

Corfu

1923, General Tellini killed, Italy invades Greece, League condemns Italy and asks Greece to pay, Italy forces League to change its mind

Geneva Protocol

1924, B&F, writes that members must settle dispute in League, and accept decision, B does not sign the Protocol

Bulgaria

1925, Greece vs Bulgaria, Greece invades Bulgaria, League condemns Greece and forces reparations

What was the Washington Conference?

1921, USA & Japan & B&F limit navies

What other disarmament conferences were there?

1923 & 1926, 1923 rejected by Britain, 1926 drew up convention in 1933 which was rejected by Germany

Who signed the Locarno Treaty?

B&F, Germany, Italy, Belgium, Poland

What was the Locarno Treaty?(1)

Borders with France and Belgium set

What was the Locarno Treaty?(2)

Demilitarisation of the Rhineland

What was the Locarno Treaty?(3)

Any disputes settled through L of N

How many countries signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

65 nations

When was the Kellogg-Briand Pact made?

1928

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?(1)

Condemnation of war to solve disputes

What was the Kellogg-Briand Pact?(2)

Nations could keep armies

What were the effects of the Wall Street Crash 1929?(1)

US loaned out less money to Europe