The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

Flashcards about the skeletal and muscular system

What is the support/shape function of the skeletal system?

Provides a rigid bone frame for the body, supports soft tissue, and aids with posture.

What is the protection function of the skeletal system?

Bones protect vital organs and reduce the risk of serious injury.

What is the movement function of the skeletal system?

Muscles attached to bones by tendons allow for movement at joints.

What is the mineral storage function of the skeletal system?

Bones store minerals like calcium and phosphorus, which help with bone strength and are needed for muscle contraction.

What is the blood cell production function of the skeletal system?

Some bones contain bone marrow, which makes the components of blood.

What are long bones?

Bones that are longer than they are wide, used for larger movements.

What are short bones?

Bones that are approximately as wide as they are long, used for finer movements.

What are flat bones?

Strong, flat plates of bone that protect internal organs and allow for muscle attachment.

What are irregular bones?

Bones that do not fall under any other category.

What are sesamoid bones?

Bones that are embedded in a tendon.

What is Flexion?

Closing of a joint.

What is Extension?

Opening of a joint.

What is Adduction?

Moving towards an imaginary center line.

What is Abduction?

Moving away from an imaginary center line.

What is Rotation?

Clockwise or anticlockwise movement of a limb.

What is Circumduction?

Movement of a limb, hand, or foot in a circular motion.

What is Plantar Flexion?

Extension at the ankle.

What is Dorsiflexion?

Flexion at the ankle.

What do ligaments do?

Connect bone to bone to restrict joint movement and maintain stability.

What do tendons do?

Attach muscles to bones to allow bones to move when muscles contract.

What does cartilage do?

Acts as a cushion between bones to prevent damage during joint movement.

What does synovial fluid do?

Lubricates the joint and reduces friction.

What does the synovial membrane do?

Contains and releases synovial fluid.

What does articular cartilage do?

Prevents bones from rubbing together and acts as a shock absorber.

What does the joint capsule do?

Surrounds, protects, and stabilizes the joint.

What do bursae do?

Fluid-filled sacs that provide a cushion between tendons and bones, reducing friction.

What is the function of the Biceps?

Flexion at the elbow.

What is the function of the Triceps?

Extension at the elbow.

What is the function of the Pectorals?

Adduction and Flexion (horizontally) at the shoulder.

What is the function of the Latissimus dorsi?

Extension, adduction, or rotation at the shoulder.

What is the function of the Deltoid?

Flexion, extension, abduction, or circumduction at the shoulder.

What is the function of the Rotator cuffs?

Rotation and abduction at the shoulder.

What is the function of the Gluteals?

Extension, rotation, and abduction at the hip.

What is the function of the Abdominals?

Flexion at the waist.

What is the function of the Hip Flexors?

Flexion of the leg at the hip.

What is the function of the Hamstrings?

Flexion at the knee.

What is the function of the Quadriceps?

Extension at the knee.

What is the function of the Gastrocnemius?

Plantar flexion at the ankle.

What is the function of the Tibialis anterior?

Dorsiflexion at the ankle.

What is an isometric contraction?

The muscle stays the same length and so nothing moves.

What is an isotonic contraction?

The muscle changes length and so something moves.

What is a concentric contraction?

A muscle contracts and shortens.

What is an eccentric contraction?

A muscle contracts and lengthens.

What are Antagonistic muscle pairs?

Pairs of muscles that work against each other.

What is an agonist?

Contracts during muscle movement

What is an antagonist?

Muscle that relaxes during movement