BSC2085 LAB MIDTERM

descibe the human anatomical position

The human body is erect with feet only slightly apart, head and toes pointing forward, arm hanging at the sides with the palm facing forward

The thoracic cavity is ______ to the abdominal cavity.

Superior

The trachea (windpipe) is_____ to the vertebral column

Anterior

The wrist___ is to the hand.

Proximal

If an incision cuts the heart into left and right parts, a ______ plane of section was used.

Sagittal

The nose is____ to the cheekbone.

Medial

The thumb is ____ to the ring finger.

lateral

The vertebral cavity is _____ to the cranial cavity.

Inferior

The knee is ____ to the thigh.

distal

The plane that separates the head from the neck is the_______ plane.

Transverse

The popliteal region is ________ to the patellar region.

Posterior

The plane that separates the anterior body surface from the posterior body surface is the_____ plane.

Frontal

Lines body cavities and covers the body's external surface.

Epithelium

Pumps blood, flushes urine out the body, allows one to swing a bat.

Muscle

Forms endocrine and exocrine glands

Epithelium

Anchors, packages, and support body organs

Connective

Classified based on the shape and arrangement of the cells

Epithelium

Derived from mesenchyme

Connective

Major function is to contract

Muscle

Transmit electrical signals

Nervous

Consists of cells within an extracellular matrix

Connective

Most widespread tissue in the body

connective

Forms nerve and the brain

Nervous

Attaches bones to bones and muscle to bones

Dense regular connective tissue

Insulates against heat loss

Adipose connective tissue

Forms the fibrous joint capsule

Dense irregular connective tissue

Makes up the intervertebral disc

Fibrocartilage

Compose basement membranes, a soft packing tissue with a jellylike matrix

Areola connective tissue

Form the larynx, the costal cartilage of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton

Hyaline cartilage

Provides a flexible framework for the external ear

elastic cartilage

Provide levers for muscle to act on

Osseous tissue

Forms the wall of large arteries

Elastic connective tissue

skeletal muscle

Striated, voluntary, attached to bones, many nuclei, cylindrical cells

cardiac muscle

Striated, one nucleus, involuntary, intercalated disc, branching cells, forms heart walls

smooth muscle

Spindle-shaped cells, involuntary, one nucleus, in wall of bladder and stomach

Layer of translucent cells in thick skin containing dead keratinocytes

Stratum lucidum

Two layers containing dead cells

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum

Dermal layer responsible for fingerprints

Papillary dermis

Epidermal layer exhibiting the most rapid cell division

Stratum basale

Layer including scale like dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off

Stratum corneum

Layer named for the numerous granules present

Stratum granulosum

Location of melanocytes and tactile epithelial cells

Stratum basale

Area where weblike pre-keratin filaments first appear

Stratum spinosum

Deep layer of the dermis

Reticular dermis

Layer that secretes a glycolipid that prevents water loss from the skin

Stratum granulosum

Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are____

Sebaceous glands

____ are epidermal cells that play a role in the immune response

Dendritic cells

Tactile corpuscle are located in the_________

Epidermal-dermal junction

____ corpuscles are located deep in the dermis.

Lamellated

End portion of a long bone

Epiphysis

Helps reduce friction at joints

Articular cartilage

Site of blood cell formation

Red marrow

Two membranous site of osteoprogenitor cells

Endosteum, periosteum

Scientific term for bone shaft

Diaphysis

Contains yellow marrow in adult bones

Medullary cavity

Growth plate remnant

Epiphyseal line

Layer of the bony matrix around a central canal

Lamella

Site of osteocytes

Lacuna

Longitudinal canal carrying blood vessels, lymphatics and nerve

Central canal

Tiny canals connecting osteocytes of an osteon

Canaliculi

What bones are connected by the lambdoid suture.

the parietal and temporal bones with the occipital bone

What bones are connected by the squamous suture.

The temporal and parietal bones on each side of the skull

List the bones that have sinuses, and give two possible functions of the sinuses

Temporal and parietal, sinuses lighten the skull resonance chamber of speech. frontal, maxillary, sphenoid, ethmoid

What is the bony orbit

Bony socket for the eyes

What bone contribute to the formation of the orbit?

Maxilla, lacrimal, sphenoid Ethmoid, zygomatic

Vertebra type containing foramina in the transverse processes, through which the vertical arteries ascend to reach the brain.

Cervical-vertebra typical

Dens here provide a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra (c1)

Axis

Transverse processes faceted for articulation with ribs; spinous process pointing sharply downward

Thoracic vertebra

Composite bone; articulates with the hip bone laterally

Sacrum

Massive vertebra; weight sustaining

Lumbar vertebra

"Tail bone" fused vertebrae

Coccyx

Supports the head; allows a rocking motion in conjunction with the occipital condyles

Atlas

The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the__

Scapula and clavicle

The upper limb is formed by the arm bone, the __ and the two bones of the forearm, the_____ and ___

Humerus, radius and ulna

The _____ are the wrist bones. List the proximal row of the wrist bones from lateral to medial_

Carpus,Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform bones

List the distal row of wrist bones from lateral to medial

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate

The _____ form the palms of the hand, and the heads of theses bones from the knuckles.

Metacarpals

A single finger bone is called___ each has _____ finger bones, called ___

Phalanx, 14, phalanges

Includes shoulder, elbow, and wrist joint

Synovial

Includes joint between the vertebral bodies and the pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous

Sutures are memorable examples

fibrous

Found in the epiphyseal plate

cartilaginous

Found in a gomphosis

Fibrous

All are freely movable or diarthrotic

synovial