earth science quiz 1

Isotonic rebound

When the crust rises as it loses overlying material and mass

Mantle

The area where convection occurs within the Earth

Magnetometer

Is a device that that can detect changes in the strength of the magnetic field

How did Wagner about continental drift from rock evidence?

He ended up studying the many rock layers in the Appalachian Mountains in the US. They were identical to layers of rocks in similar mountains in Greenland and Europe. These rocks were older than 200 million years.

Plates collide together at an…

Convergent plate boundary

How did Wagner about continental drift from fossil evidence?

Wegener reasoned that the land-dwelling animals, such as Cynognathus and Lystrosaurus could not have swum the great distances that now exist between continents. Wegener also argued that because fossils of Mesosaurus, an aquatic reptile, had been found in only freshwater rocks, it was unlikely that this species could have crossed the oceans.

How did Wagner about continental drift from climate evidence?

Wegener reasoned that the area separating these fossils was too large to have a single climate. Wegener also argued that because Glossopteris grew in Temperate climates, the places where these fossils had been found were once closer to the equator.

What are two reasons why scientist rejected Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift.

• It did not satisfactorily explain what force could be strong enough to push such large masses over such great distance.

• scientists questioned how the continents were moving. Wegener had proposed that the continents were plowing through a stationary ocean floor, but it was known that Earth’s mantle below the crust was solid.

Identify two factor that cause convection

• temperature difference

• density difference

Convection

transfer of heat within a fluid caused by the movement of the fluid itself

Divergent Boundary

pushing away from each other

convergent boundary

pushes together

Transform Boundary

slid past each other

Ridge Push

The weight of the uplifted ridge is thought to push the oceanic plate toward the trench formed at the subduction zone

Slab Pull

Dense subducting plate pulls the trailing slab into the subduction zone. It is thought to be at least twice as important as ridge push in moving an oceanic plate away from an ocean ridge. 

which type of information was not collected by Wegener to support his continental drift hypothesis?

seafloor magnetic data

what is the name of Alfred Wegener’s hypothesis about moving landmasses?

continental drift

The thickness of ocean sediments that are close to a mid-ocean ridge is?

less than

what evidence did Wegener use to estimate the time of Pangaea’s break up?

fossil data

The main points of evidence for ___ are fossils, rocks, and climate.

continental drift

A(n) ___ is an underwater mountain chain

mid-ocean ridges

One plate is forced under another in a(n)…

subduction zone

Plates collide together at a(n)

convergent plate boundary

The area where convection occurs within the Earth

mantle

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge mountains are an example of mountains

divergent boundaries

is a device that can detect changed in the strength of the magnetic field.

magnetometer

The youngest part of the ocean floor is found…

near ocean ridges

Harry Hess’ theory of what explained how ocean crust is generated and destroyed.

seafloor spreading

The ___ in California is an example of a transform boundary

San Andreas Fault

The East African Rift is an example of a…

divergent boundary

During oceanic-oceanic convergence where do island arc volcanoes form?

on the plate that is subducted

Continental drift states that continents have moved ___ to their current locations

slowly

Features found at divergent plate boundaries include

mid-ocean ridges

Plates move apart at ___ boundaries 

divergent

The hypothesis that continents have slowly moved to their current location is called?

continental drift

Plates move past each other at ___plate boundaries

transform

The Himalayan mountain range of India was formed at a?

convergent boundary

An Isocron is?

a line on a seafloor map that connects points of equal age

___currents inside Earth might drive plate motion

convection

seafloor spreading occurs because of?

molten material beneath Earth’s crust rises to the surface

The results of plate movement can be seen at?

plate boundaries

Plates move together at __ plate boundaries

convergent

Plates of the curst float on what?

mantle