Organic Compounds

Condensation reaction

Builds polymers with the removal of water

Hydrolysis reaction

Breaks apart, or digests, polymers into monomers with the addition of water.

peptide bond

Bond that holds amino acids together

Primary protein structure

Level of protein structure maintained with peptide bonds

Secondary Protein Structure

Level of protein structure maintained with Hydrogen bonds. Shape is alpha helix and/or beta pleated sheets

Tertairy Protein Structure

Level of protein structure maintained with disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc. Shape is GLOBULAR

Quaternary Protein Structure

Involves the interaction of multiple polypeptide chains maintained with disulfide bridges, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, hydrophobic interactions, etc.

Enantiomers

chemical compounds with the same chemical formulas that are mirror image in arrangement around a central carbon atom

structural isomers

chemical compounds with the same chemical formulas but different arrangements of atoms in branches or chains

geometric isomers

chemical compounds with the same chemical formulas but different arrangements of atoms around a pair of double bonded carbon atoms

Saturated fatty acid

Lipid with the maximum # of H. Only single bonds in the carbon tail, solid at room temp

Unsaturated fatty acid

Lipid with less than the max # of H atoms. Contains 1 or more double bonds in the carbon tail, liquid at room temperature.

Glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose

examples of monosaccharides

ionic bond

results from the transfer of electrons between atoms

polar covalent bond

results from the uneven sharing of electrons between atoms

Organic compound

Compound containing both Carbon and Hydrogen

Inorganic compound

Compound that does not contain both Hydrogen and Carbon

starch

polysaccharide in plants made of alpha glucose...digestable by humans - energy storage molecule

cellulose

polysaccharide in plants made of beta-glucose, 1-4 bonds....indigestible by humans - structural molecule for plant cell walls

glycogen

polysaccharide in animals for storing energy. Made of alpha glucose with 1-4 and many 1-6 bonds.

chitin

polysaccharide found in the exoskeleton of arthropods and fungus cell walls - structural material

amylose

component of starch made with 1-4 alpha glucose

amylopectin

component of starch made with alpha glucose that has 1-4 bonds as well as some 1-6 bonds

cis-unsaturated fat

the H atoms are located on the same side as the double bond between carbon atoms; found in nature

trans-unsaturated fat

the H atoms are located on opposite sides of the double bonded carbon atoms; not found in nature

polyunsaturated fat

an unsaturated fat that has multiple double bonds in the carbon tail.

steroid

Lipid containing 4 fused rings, cholesterol is an example

Maltose

Disaccharide consisting of Glucose + Glucose

Sucrose

Disaccharide consisting of Glucose + Fructose

Lactose

Disaccharide consisting of Glucose + Galactose

Glycerol and 3 fatty acid chains

Monomers of a triglyceride lipid