Environmental Engineering

RA 6969

TOXIC SUBTANCES AND HAZARDOUS AND NUCLEAR WASTE ACT

CHEMICAL CONTROL ORDER (CCO)

Prohibits, limits, or regulates the use, manufacture, import, export, transport, processing, storage, possession, and wholesale of those priority chemicals that DENR determined to be regulated, phased-out, or banned due to the serious risks they pose to public health, workplace & environment.

Gastrointestinal disorder, lower-limb disorder

What are the health effects of arsenic exposure?

Asbestosis (scarring of lungs)

What is the health effect of asbestos exposure?

Joint pain, lung, kidney disease

What are the health effects of cadmium exposure?

Impaired nervous system, red blood cell synthesis

What are the health effects of lead exposure?

Inorganic: disorder of central nervous system, psychoses; Organic: numbness, impaired speech, deformity, death

What are the health effects of mercury exposure?

Bio-accumulates in fatty tissues, nervous disorders, persistent

What are the health effects of DDT exposure?

Damage to kidney, liver & nervous system; powerful teratogen; possibly carcinogenic

What are the health effects of dioxin 2,3,7,8-TCDD exposure?

Persistent, probably carcinogenic; exposure results in chlor-acne, headaches, visual disturbance

What are the health effects of PCB exposure?

A list of chemicals that pose an unreasonable risk to human health and the environment, considered to be strictly regulated, and require special reporting due to their toxicity

What is the Priority Chemical List (PCL) and why is it strictly regulated?

To screen harmful substances before they enter the Philippine's commerce and to place new chemicals under control to restrict the potential release of unreasonable risk in human health and the environment

What is the purpose of the Pre-Manufacturing and Pre-Importation Notification (PMPIN)?

The amount of "new chemical substances" that shall not exceed 1,000 kg as a pure chemical substance (PCS) or as a component in percentage by weight of a product, mixture, etc.

What is Small Quantity Importation (SQI) as defined in RA 6969?

Product Identifier

Should match the product identifier on the Safety Data Sheet.

Signal Word

Either use "Danger" (severe) or "Warning" (less severe)

Hazard Statements

A phrase assigned to a hazard class that describes the nature of the product's hazards

Precautionary Statements

Describes recommended measures to minimize or prevent adverse effects resulting from exposure.

Supplier Identification

The name, address and telephone number of the manufacturer or supplier.

Pictograms

Graphical symbols intended to convey specific hazard information visually.

OXIDIZER

is not a substance that necessarily combustible, but may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or contribute to the combustion of other material

STORAGE LIMIT

The maximum hazardous waste accumulation time is one (1) year, except for wastes that have no infrastructure for proper treatment and disposal.

₱10,000

What is the penalty for failing to provide appropriate information to the DENR upon registration?

₱50,000

What happens if false information is submitted in documents?

₱50,000

What is the consequence of not complying with reporting requirements under the law?

₱50,000 per violated condition

What is the penalty for failing to comply with permit conditions?

₱50,000

What is the penalty for failing to comply with labeling requirements?

₱50,000

What is the consequence of not placing placards on the conveyance/vehicle?

₱50,000

What happens if a person fails to comply with a subpoena or subpoena duces tecum issued by the Secretary or an authorized representative?

₱50,000

What is the penalty for not providing the required information within the mandated period set by the Regulations?

₱10,000

What is the consequence of violating any of the provisions in the Governing Rules and Regulations?

Immediate suspension of permit

What happens if a person violates provisions in the Governing Rules and Contingency Program in addition to the stated penalties?

AIR POLLUTANTS

A substance is not normally identified as an air contaminant until its presence and concentration actually or potentially produce or contribute to development of a deleterious effect.

The process of identifying and assessing an emission stream begins with a survey of facility operations and emission locations. What is characterization of emissions?

A sampling and measurement program is used to quantify stack emissions, and in some cases, ambient air monitoring is required or desirable. How are stack emissions measured?

Source identification involves plant inspections and process flow analysis

What is included in an emission survey?

compliance programs and quantification procedures

What does emission quantification involve?

sampling and various measurements, including velocity, moisture content, particulates, and sulfur dioxides

What is involved in emission measurements?

to obtain a representative sample from an unconfined volume of air near emission sources

What is the purpose of ambient air monitoring?

Process modification or optimization is a common strategy to reduce emissions

How can emissions be controlled?

consider both raw products and process effectiveness

What do source controls include?

Fuel substitution, fuel cleaning, and process modification are examples of source control techniques

What are examples of source control techniques?

reduces sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide emissions

What is the purpose of fuel substitution?

Alternate fuel sources such as natural gas and fuel oil

What types of fuels are considered for fuel substitution?

Hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy, and wind power provide cost-effective, non-polluting alternatives

What other power generation trends are relevant to fuel substitution?

Desulfurization and denitrification of fuels help control emissions

What are the main processes involved in fuel cleaning?

Coal has the greatest potential for fuel cleaning

Which fuel type has shown the most potential for cleaning?

Fuel denitrification of coal and heavy oils can reduce nitrogen oxide emissions, but technology is limited

What are the challenges of denitrification in fuel cleaning?

Process modifications enhance combustion efficiency

How do they help reduce emissions?

Better efficiency lowers fuel costs and decreases pollutants

What are the economic and environmental benefits of process modifications?

More complete fuel use leads to fewer volatile emissions

How does optimizing combustion impact air quality?

Emission standards regulate pollutants from industries and vehicles

How do these regulations impact air quality?

Limits on harmful gases like carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide help reduce environmental damage

What role do emission standards play in climate action?

Governments enforce strict emission standards to control air pollution

How do these policies influence industrial practices?

Technology Upgrade

Encouraging cleaner and more efficient technologies reduces air pollution.

Electric Vehicles

Investing in renewable energy and emission control technologies supports sustainability.

Manufacturing

Implementing advanced technology improves efficiency and minimizes environmental impact.

Green Infrastructure

Implementing green solutions helps mitigate air pollution.

Green Spaces

Planting trees and adding vegetation improve air quality.

Green Roofs & Walls

Absorbing pollutants enhances environmental sustainability.

Alternative Transportation

Promoting public transport, cycling, and walking reduces air pollution.

Infrastructure Support

Investing in pedestrian-friendly and transit infrastructure is essential.

Electric Vehicles

A cleaner and more sustainable option with no direct greenhouse gas emissions.

Education & Awareness

Raising awareness on air pollution impacts helps individuals make informed choices.

Reducing Emissions

Teaching people about energy conservation and sustainable practices leads to positive change.

Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999

Republic Act No. 8749 provides a comprehensive air pollution control policy.

Air Quality Management

Establishes a framework for managing and monitoring air quality standards to protect public health and the environment.

Emission Standards

Sets limits on pollutants like smoke, dust, and toxic substances.

Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance

Requires regular inspection and maintenance programs for motor vehicles to ensure compliance with emission standards.

Alternative Fuels and Energy Sources

Promotes the use of cleaner fuels and alternative energy sources to reduce air pollution and dependency on fossil fuels.

Environmental Impact Assessments

Requires assessments for projects that may impact air quality, ensuring necessary measures are taken to mitigate pollution.

Public Participation

Encourages public participation in decision-making related to air quality management, promoting awareness and involvement in environmental protection.

The act was one of the first air quality laws in Southeast Asia.

What makes the act significant in Southeast Asia?

It includes a smoking ban in public places to reduce secondhand smoke.

What provision does the act have on smoking?

The Philippines celebrates Clean Air Month every November.

When is Clean Air Month in the Philippines?

The act supports the use of electric vehicles by providing incentives.

How does the act promote electric vehicles?

The Philippines is the first and only country to ban incineration under Republic Act No. 8749.

What makes the Philippines unique regarding incineration laws?

provides incentives like tax exemptions and credits to encourage cleaner technologies.

How does the legislation support sustainable industries?