Syllabication and Morphemic Analysis

Derivational Affix

an affix that changes the root or base word into a new word

Example

When the derivational affix, "ful" is added to the noun, beauty, the word "beautiful" forms, meaning full of beauty.

Progress Monitoring

periodic assessments to monitor student growth and evaluate the effectiveness of instruction

Example

The teacher prepared a progress monitoring assessment to see how much each student had improved and learn if his new instructional approach was effective.

Root

the smallest unit or core of a word that carries the meaning

Example

form means "shape," as in reform, conform, formulate

Diagnostic Assessment / Pre-Assessment

assessment administered before instruction to determine students' strengths and weaknesses

Structural / Morphemic Analysis

using meaningful word parts (morphemes) to study a word and determine its meaning

Summative Assessments

evaluations at the end of an instructional period

Example

final exams or projects that assess overall learning

Bound Morpheme

type of morpheme that can appear only as part of a larger word

Example

Prefixes such as pre-, dis-, in-, un-, and suffixes such as -ful, -ment, -ly, -ise are bound morphemes.

Free Morpheme / Unbound Morpheme

type of morpheme that can stand alone or can appear with other morphemes in a lexeme

Example

Simple words (i.e. words made up of one free morpheme, such as the, run, on, etc.) and compound words (i.e. words made up of two free morphemes, such as keyboard, greenhouse, etc.) are free morphemes.

Inflectional Affix

an affix that changes the form of the root or base word

Example

The inflectional affix, "ed" changes a verb to the past tense.

Affix

a letter or letters that change a root word's meaning

Example

prefixes or suffixes

Phonics / Graphophonemic Principle

using the relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of a language to read and write

Suffix

letter or letters at the end of a root word that changes its meaning

Example

s, es, ed, ing, ly, er, or, ion, tion, able, and ible

Phonemic Awareness / Sound Awareness

the ability to hear, identify, and re-create individual sounds in spoken words

Example

A student can hear that /b/ makes first sound in the word blue.

Morpheme

a combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing and cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts; this includes prefixes and suffixes

Example

write, cat, laugh, box

Prefix

a letter or letters at the beginning of a root word that changes its meaning

Example

re, de, un

Syllable Awareness / Syllabication / Syllable Segmentation

the ability to hear individual parts/syllables of words

Example

“Education” has four syllables “ed-u-ca-tion”

Tense

words that indicate if a statement is referring to past time, present time, or future time

Example

Past- She spoke. Present- She speaks. Future- She will speak.

Morphology

the study of forms of words, including affixes, roots, stems, and parts of speech

Example

The word "bicycles" is made up of three individual morphemes. The prefix bi-, the stem cycle, and the suffix -s.

y to i

When the root word ends with a y, you will often change the y to an i. Example worry to worrier.

Double the Consonant

If a root ends in a short vowel followed by a consonant, you will double the consonant.

Example bat to batter

Drop the e

Drop the e off of the end of a root word if the suffix begins with a vowel. Example slide to sliding

ie to y

When the root word ends in ie, you will change it to y if the suffix begins with i. Example lie to lying